The German Military in Zamosc, 1939–1944
This is the English translation of an article in Polish by Zbigniew Stankiewicz.
Link to original is here. Another version is available here.
Page 1 is located here. This is page 2.
The Germans sought to occupy the new living space in the east due to the "nation of masters" and to murder the "subhumans" inhabiting it. In the conquered territories, obedience was to be ensured by terror, causing fear of the "nation of masters". A large military and police force was assigned to this, which from the very beginning dealt with the liquidation of all "undesirable" units from the German point of view. While the Jews were to be murdered as soon as possible, the Poles were to be temporarily tolerated for the duration of the war. After the victorious war, the lucky few who survived could at most be shepherds across the Urals.
Today it is no longer remembered that after the German victory there was no place in the new European order for Polish and Poles. We are coming here to Germanize this country forever and irreversibly – Hans Frank. On the spot, the Germans found "worthy" helpers. On March 5, 1940, Hans Frank, referring to the Polish resistance movement, said: “600,000 Ukrainians, enemies of Polish from the cradle, will come to your aid in solving these problems. We will consciously attract these Ukrainians and engage them in the police and public services. We have falcons at hand, which will not spare Poles”.[1]
Personal losses: In Western Europe, a nonsense myth has arisen about the so-called "good" Germans from the Wehrmacht and the "bad" from the S.S., they were all part of the occupation forces and ruthlessly carried out orders. After receiving the order, they did not discuss it, but carried it out without hesitation. Those who survived the German occupation recalled that no one treated Germans as people, because they did not behave like people. The Germans had to work hard, because they were the ones who had on their conscience 90% of the Poles out of about 2 million who died during the war, murdered in executions, died in prisons and camps. The remaining 200,000 killed and deceased are equally the result of the actions of Soviet services and Ukrainian nationalists. To this must be added to the German account about 3 million murdered Polish Jews. [2]
Military order commands under which Zamość was subordinate: The higher command was responsible for the protection of facilities, training and supplying subordinate units, liquidating the protests of the population, and the garrison commands were subordinate to it:
OFK Radom (Oberfeldkommandantur) [Higher Field Headquarters in Radom], created on 8 October 1939 from Koruck 581, stationed in Radom, under it all occupation units also in the Zamość security zone, on 20 March 1940 renamed to the command of the 372nd DP, commanded by Lt. Gen. Alfred Boehm-Tettelbach.
From March 15, 1940, the headquarters of the 379th Infantry Division and division units were stationed in Lublin: 653 pp (3 battalions), 654 pp (3 battalions), 655 pp (3 battalions); On July 10, 1940, the regiments were transformed into the 653rd Guard Battalion, the 654th Guard Battalion and the 655th Guard Battalion, and on January 1, 1941, all battalions were liquidated.
OFK 379 [379th Higher Field Command], established in Lublin on 6 June 1940 from the transformed command of the 379th Infantry Division, all other commands and military units in the Lublin district were under command, commander Major General Wilhelm Altrock (former commander of the 379th Division), the commander had the rights of a division commander, as of 15 April 1942 subordinate headquarters of the cities: Biała Podlaska, Biłgoraj, Chełm, Hrubieszów, Krasnystaw, Kraśnik, Lublin, Międzyrzecz, Puławy, Radzyń, Zamość, in February 1943 the command was moved to the east, transformed into Koruck 595.
OFK 372 [372nd Higher Field Command], transferred from Kielce to Lublin in February 1943, commanded by Lt. Gen. Hilmar Moser, the headquarters has been in Częstochowa since 27 July 1944. It was under the command as an occupation unit of the 174th Division.
Headquarters – established for the troop grouping participating in Operations "Sturmwind" I and II; commanded by General of the Infantry Siegfried Haenicke (Commander of the General Government Military District), who appointed a special staff headed by Major General Max Herman Bork (Chief of Staff of the General Government Military District). The staff included a Command Section—commanded by Major Fritz Blasius—which consisted of an Operations Department and a Reconnaissance Department. The headquarters was relocated from Sandomierz to Zamość on June 19, 1944, and was disbanded at the end of June. Operating directly in support of the headquarters from the airfield at Mokre was a subordinate air group—detached from the VIII Air Corps—comprising reconnaissance and bomber units.
Reserve Infanterie Division 174 [174th Reserve Infantry Division] commanded by Lt. Gen. Kurt Renner, stationed in Lublin from 10 June 1942, was responsible for security protection, partisanship fighting and training of recruits; including sub-units:
Reserve Grenadier Regiment 24 [24th Reserve Grenadier Regiment] commanded by Colonel Rudolf Noack, stationed in Międzyrzecze, (battalions 304 in Łuków, 456 in Radom, 476 in Biała Podlaska).
Reserve Grenadier Regiment 209 [209th Reserve Grenadier Regiment] commanded by Reserve Major Kurt Ritter von Geitner stationed in Częstochowa: battalions 31 in Piotrków, 102 in Kielce, 185 in Częstochowa).
Reserve Grenadier Regiment 256 [256th Reserve Grenadier Regiment] commanded by Colonel Bruno Stengel was stationed in Lublin (battalions 32 in Lublin, 414 in Zamość, 513 in Chełm).
Reserve Artilleri Abteilung 14 [14th Reserve Artillery Squadron] was stationed in Sandomierz (1st, 2nd and 3rd batteries).
Reserve Pionier Bataillon 14 [14th Reserve Sapper Battalion], assigned to the division on 10 August 1944, was stationed in Góra Kalwaria (two companies).
Military Units in Zamość in 1939
Panzer Division 2 (2nd Panzer Division) – Commander: Lt. Gen. Rudolf Veiel. On September 12, 1939, a detached force from the 2nd Panzer Division was dispatched from Jarosław toward Rawa Ruska and Zamość, comprising the following units: Panzer Regiment 3, Abteilung I (1st Battalion, 3rd Panzer Regiment)—Commander: Lt. Col. Ostman von der Lefye—consisting of four tank companies; Kradschützen Bataillon 2 (2nd Motorized Rifle Battalion)—Commander: Lt. Col. Karl Stollbrock—consisting of six infantry companies; Aufklärungs Abteilung 5 (5th Reconnaissance Battalion)—Commander: Maj. Horst Kitschmann—consisting of four squadrons; schwere Infanterie Geschütz Kompanie 703 (703rd Heavy Infantry Gun Company)—Commander: Capt. Krambeck; and a sapper platoon from the 51st Battalion.
On September 13, 1939, at 5:00 p.m., the unit entered Zamość from the direction of Tomaszów Lubelski; the 5th Reconnaissance Squadron was dispatched to Szczebrzeszyn, where it remained to provide security. Lt. Col. Stollbrock assumed command of the garrison, while Maj. Kitschmann became the town commandant. By September 15, the division had concentrated in the Zamość–Tomaszów Lubelski area; at noon that day, it began its march toward Rawa Ruska and Żółkiew [Figs. 10, 11].
4. Leichte Division (4th Light Division) – Commander: Major General Alfred Ritter von Hubicki. On September 15, the division was located in the Hrubieszów–Włodzimierz Wołyński area and received orders to establish garrisons in Zamość and Tomaszów. On September 17, 1939, at 08:45, a detachment of the 4th Light Division entered Zamość from the direction of Hrubieszów, taking over the town from the 2nd Panzer Division. The detachment consisted of Aufklärungs-Regiment (motorisiert) 9 (9th Motorized Reconnaissance Regiment)—comprising two battalions (seven squadrons) and commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Bruno Ritter von Hauenschild—along with an artillery element from the 102nd Artillery Regiment and a sapper element from the 86th Battalion. On September 20, the division was situated in the Hrubieszów–Sokal area.
Infanterie Division 68 (68th Infantry Division) – Commander: Lt. Gen. Georg Braun; on September 20, 1939, it occupied the following locations: Division Headquarters and the 168th Artillery Regiment (Commander: Col. Otto Quirin Lancelle) – Szczebrzeszyn; the 169th Infantry Regiment (Commander: Col. Ernst von Leyser) – Zamość; and the 188th Infantry Regiment (Commander: N.N.) – Płoskie. 196th Infantry Regiment – Commander: N.N.; located in Wielącza, with its 2nd Battalion in Michałowo (Commander: Major Heinz Kokot; the 6th and 8th Companies were quartered in the palace). On September 21, the division was situated in the Rudka–Zwierzyniec area, serving as the reserve for the VII Corps. On September 24, it assembled in the vicinity of Szczebrzeszyn. On September 25, it marched from Szczebrzeszyn toward Janów Lubelski; a detached unit remained behind in Szczebrzeszyn (reaching Janów on September 26), where it established a security outpost on the Zamość road at Płoskie.
Stab VII Armeekorps (VII Corps Headquarters) – Commander: Lieutenant General Gotthard Heinrici; Chief of Staff: Colonel Hermann von Witzleben Herbst. The Corps comprised the 27th and 68th Infantry Divisions. The headquarters was stationed in Zamość from September 20, moving to Janów on September 25. It possessed two small motorized transport columns (each capable of transporting 30 tons of cargo at a time), which were utilized by the 2nd Battalion of the 196th Infantry Regiment to transport Polish prisoners of war out of Zamość.
Infanterie Division 27 (27th Infantry Division) – Commander: Lieutenant General Friedrich Bergmann. On September 19, the division was located in Rudka; it received orders to advance northward on September 20 to the Szczebrzeszyn–Wielącza line. On September 21, it was directed toward Zamość. Its rear echelon units, together with the 27th Pioneer Battalion, garrisoned Zamość; the Garrison Commander was the division's Chief of Staff, Lieutenant Colonel Hubert Lamey, while the Town Commandant was Major Nitsch. Aufklärungs-Abteilung 27 (27th Reconnaissance Battalion) was dispatched to Jarosławiec. (27th Reconnaissance Battalion), which established a security screen there; on September 24, the division assembled in the vicinity of Zamość; on September 25, Zamość was handed over to the Russians, and the division marched toward Biłgoraj—Polish prisoners of war who could not be taken along were released. On September 26, the following units were stationed: the 40th Infantry Regiment (commander: Col. Josef Lehmann) in Hedwiżyn; the 63rd Infantry Regiment (commander: Col. Wilhelm Haverkamp) in Wola; and the 91st Infantry Regiment (commander: Col. Karl Prager) in Biłgoraj.
Infanterie Division 45 [45th Infantry Division], commanded by Lt. Gen. Friedrich Materna, the division entered Zamość from the direction of Szczebrzeszyn after the Russian withdrawal on October 8, 1939, its units were stationed in the formed southern district of the XVII Corps (44th and 45th DP), which was divided into protective areas (named after the commanders of the units):
Szczebrzeszyn place of the XVII Corps Staff, Commander of Infantry General Werner Kienitz and 133 Infantry Regiment Commander Colonel Rudolf von Bunau, Zwierzyniec 45th Reconnaissance Squadron of the 45th Infantry Regiment Commander Major Helmuth von Pannwitz.
Hrubieszów area 130 pp commander Colonel Klaus Boie.
Krasnystaw region 135 pp commander Colonel Wilhelm Mittermaier.
Zamość area 98th Infantry Regiment Commander Lieutenant Colonel Wintzer and 81st Battalion Sap.
Kraśnik area, 44th Reconnaissance Squadron of the 44th Infantry Regiment, commander Lieutenant Colonel Henrich Hermann von Hulsen.
On October 15, 1939, the 45th Infantry Regiment went east to Hrubieszów in order to garrison the border, the 81st Infantry Battalion remained in Zamość. On October 15, the 44th Infantry Division was already manning the border south of Tomaszów:
Infanterie Division 209 [209 DP], division commander Lt. Gen. Hans Stengel (from 7 January 1940 Lt. Gen. Wolf Schede), formed as an occupation unit on 26 August 1939, on 19 October 1939 the division was assigned to the XVII Corps, stationed in the Zamość security zone, the division headquarters (it was the zone headquarters) and its 304 pp were stationed in Zamość, the other units in other towns of the Zamość zone; in the event of population riots, all security units were subordinate to field military commanders, because the order to replace it with the 372nd DP was cancelled, it remained in Zamość, from 21 June 1940 it was re-formed consisting of three battalions of recruits from its organic regiments 304, 394 and 414; the 394th and 414th Recruit Battalions were transferred as the 1st and 3rd Battalions of the Feldrekruten Infanterie Regiment 201 [201st Infantry Regiment recruits], stationed in Góra Kalwaria, on 24 July 1940 the order to disband the division, the commands of the 304th and 394th regiments were used to create rifle regiments of these numbers, the 414th Infantry Regiment was formed into a guard battalion.
Infanterie Regiment 304 [304 pp], was part of the 209th Division, stationed in Zamość from October 1939, had 3 battalions, commanded by Colonel Herbert Lemke, from 21 June 1940 in its composition only one IVFeldrekruten Bataillon304 [4th Battalion of Recruits of the 304th Regiment], had three companies, was re-formed into Feldersatz Bataillon 209 [209th Field Reserve Battalion], commanded by Colonel Lemke, disbanded in Zamość on 24 September 1940.
Pioneer Bataillon 81 [81st Sapper Battalion], on 13 October 1939 the command and the 3rd Motorized Company (infantry barracks) were stationed in Zamość, on 14-16 October 1939 with the help of the population the Zamość-Zawada road was built in a fast mode, the 1st and 2nd companies were stationed in Werbkowice, the battalion commander Major Alfred Masuch, the company commanders 1st Captain Heinz, the 2nd Oberleutnant Lothar Schottnegg, 3 (mot.) Captain Fritz Gephart, on November 3, 1939, the battalion left Zamość.
In March-July 1941, the warehouses of the 6th Army were located in Zamość. As of June 22, 1941, eight infantry divisions and an armoured division were stationed in the area of Szczebrzeszyn-Tomaszów-Sokal-Hrubieszów, and several were in transports. The commander of the army, Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, was stationed in Sułów from 23 June 1941. On June 11, 1941, the Commander-in-Chief of the German Army, Field Marshal Walter von Brauchitsch, arrived in Zamość.
Military Commands in Zamość
FK 503 (V) (Feldkommandantur) [503rd Field Command; V (Verwaltung) indicated that it was an administrative unit] — administered a designated territory; responsible for both military and civil administration; held regimental status; garrison commands were subordinate to it; stationed in Zamość from March 1941; commanded by Major General Felix Jacobi; had at its disposal local occupation battalions, military police, and a military prison (the requisitioned prison on Okrzei Street); subordinated to the command of Army Group South as of June 1, 1941. Composition: Command: Commandant, two civilian employees, office manager; Judge, Chief Advocate, civilian employee; Cashier; Chief Medical Officer; Veterinary Officer; Military Administration Group; Administrative Office; Commandant of the Order Service.
Oberbaustab 33 (33rd Higher Construction Command) – transferred to Zamość from Łódź in December 1939; in July 1940, the command was located in Lunéville, France. The Commandant was Major General Oskar von Niedermayer (an engineer officer), and his deputy was Colonel Schmidt; the command was equivalent to a construction brigade and supervised construction work being carried out on military facilities. Composition: Commander, Adjutant, Officer of the Day, Clerk; Command Group: Deputy Commander (with a clerk, draftsman, and cartographer), Technical Officer (with a clerk and drafter), Intelligence Officer (with a clerk), four Telephonists; Supply Group: Commander, two Technical Service Officers, two Clerks, Mechanic, Armorer (with a clerk); Quartermaster Corps: Commander, two Quartermasters, Clerk, Cashier-Clerk, Paymaster (with a clerk); Medical Officer, Assistant Physician, three Medics; Veterinary Officer (with a clerk); Judge (with a legal clerk and scribe); Billeting Section: Commandant, Chief, Accountant, Medic; Transport Detachment: Commander, Parts and Fuel Storekeeper, 19 Drivers (seven passenger cars, two motorcycles, two trucks); Field Train: Commander, two Cooks (field kitchen), Tailor, Cobbler, five Orderlies; ...three mechanics (one for motorcycles and one for passenger cars); subordinate to it was Abschnitts-Baustab 106 (106th Construction Staff Section)—renamed Kommandeur der Bautruppen 106 (106th Construction Troops Command) on January 29, 1940—which served as the direct supervisor of construction sites. Subordinate to this command were the 305th, 320th, and 321st Construction Battalions, formed from mobilized units of the Reichsarbeitsdienst (Reich Labor Service); each battalion consisted of four companies and a motorized transport column equipped with construction machinery. During the winter of 1939–40, personnel levels within the battalions were reduced; on May 10, 1940, all three battalions were transferred from Zamość.
Platzkommandantur in Zamość [Headquarters of the Square in Zamość], it was a temporarily established garrison headquarters, created on 11 October 1939 by the commander of the 45th Infantry Regiment, the commander of the square, Major Harms; from the end of October 1939 Capt. Paul commander of a squadron of cyclists from the 209th Reconnaissance Squadron [Aufklarungs Abteilung 209] of the 209th DP, then commander Capt. Paul Wagner, the task of the command was to maintain discipline and order in the garrison, the barracks command, the square officer and all patrols and guards in the city were subordinate to it, since 1940 there has been a permanent garrison headquarters OK 903.
OK (I) 903 (Ortskomandantur) [903 Garrison Headquarters], a local headquarters (sometimes called a plackomenda) with the status of a company, its main task was to accommodate and feed soldiers and ensure order, supervised the garrison's plants and equipment, was established in Wrocław on 10 August 1940, in Zamość from 10 September 1940, as a garrison headquarters until it was liquidated (already outside Zamość) on 21 August 1944, On the spot, the personnel was supplemented from the composition of the 372nd Reserve Battalion, consisting of: Command: Commandant, Deputy, Clerk, Staff Car Driver; Garrison Officer; Support Group: six bicycle couriers, motorcycle driver with sidecar, truck driver with assistant, quartermaster, medic, provost, four telephone operators; Field Gendarmerie Detachment: three mounted, four on motorcycles.
Kommandantkaserne in Zamosc [Commander of the Barracks in Zamość], commandant Major Kersten, deputy commander of the SS Obersturmführer Schutz (commander from 1943), was subordinate to the garrison command.
The Kriegsgefangenenlager Zamosc [Prisoner-of-War Camp in Zamość], established on 11 October 1939 by the commander of the square for the Polish soldiers still remaining in the city, was located in the area of the infantry barracks, it was a temporary camp until the prisoners were transported to camps in Germany, the camp commander was the commander of the barracks, the inhabitants hiding the prisoners were to be punished by a court-martial.
Occupation Units Stationed in Zamość, Subordinate to a Higher Command in Lublin
Infanterie Ersatz Bataillon 372 [372nd Reserve Infantry Battalion], the 372nd Reserve Battalion was sent to Zamość as an occupation (garrison) unit on 9 August 1940, consisting of 4 companies, in December 1940 sent back to Diedenhofen.
Wachbataillon (B) 150 [150th Guard Battalion], was formed in the autumn of 1940 from a reformed construction battalion (letter (B) informs about it), therefore it had a motorized transport column with construction equipment, retained the serial number of the construction battalion, had 4 guard companies, dealt with security in the garrison, protection of garrison facilities, set up guards and garrison patrols; On 1 August 1943 it was transformed into Nachschubbataillon (K) 144 [144th Supply Battalion, (K)Kriegsgefangenen] for the ground forces, the 1st, 3rd and 4th companies of the guard battalion were disbanded; The supply battalion consisted of 6 companies: 1st and 2nd German, 3rd Georgian, 4th Azerbaijani, 5th Tatar, 6th Turkestan, after being formed in September 1943 sent to the front.
Reserve Grenadier Battalion 414 (414th Reserve Grenadier Battalion) – on October 1, 1942, the Reserve Infantry Battalion 414 (414th Reserve Infantry Battalion) was dispatched to Zamość; upon arrival, it was redesignated as the 414th Reserve Grenadier Battalion and incorporated into the 256th Reserve Grenadier Regiment of the 174th Reserve Infantry Division (which had been transferred to Lublin in October 1942). Comprising four companies, it was redesignated on November 2, 1942, as the 414th Replacement Grenadier Battalion (Ersatz Grenadier Battalion 414); it remained stationed in Zamość until March 5, 1944, and on March 23, it was incorporated into the Lublin Grenadier Regiment (Infanterie Grenadier Regiment Lublin)—and, through it, into the 72nd Infantry Division.
Infanterie Bataillon Aserbeidschanische 818 (818th Azerbaijani Battalion) — stationed in Zamość from late 1943; the battalion headquarters, the staff company, and the 4th line company were garrisoned in the Zamość barracks, while the 1st company was in Chełm, the 2nd in Zwierzyniec, and the 3rd in Tomaszów. In February and March 1944, the battalion participated in combat operations near Zamość against the 1st UDP; from June 15, 1944, a portion of the battalion took part in Operation "Sturmwind" II. On July 31, it was located in Puławy, having been designated to defend the Vistula line; it was one of the last units to depart Zamość, leaving on July 24, 1944.
(Ost.) HKP Staffel 556 (Heereskraftfahrpark) (556th Army Motor Vehicle Park) — these parks were established as independent units in the autumn of 1942 and were equipped to perform vehicle repairs and technical maintenance in the field. Each unit consisted of a headquarters, a vehicle depot, a vehicle exchange section, and a repair group; the latter comprised four workshop trucks with trailers, a crane truck, two supply trucks with trailer-mounted generators, a truck with a workshop trailer, nine cargo trucks with trailers, four passenger cars, and four armored personnel carriers. The unit was transferred to Zamość in the autumn of 1942, where it operated two stationary repair workshops located on Partyzantów Street (within the Wolski factory and the Lublin-Volhynia Machinery Center complex) and a vehicle depot situated at the Nowy Rynek. In early 1944, it served as a Wehrmacht support base; by February 1944, the park had relocated to Lublin.
Units Subordinate to Operational Command in July 1944
Infanterie Division Generalgouvernement (General Government Infantry Division) – On February 13, 1944, the Bataillon Zamosc (Zamość Battalion) was formed in Zamość; it was intended for an alert division being raised at that time within the General Government (GG), which operated under the command of the GG Military District. The division consisted of the Lwów and Lublin Grenadier Regiments, as well as the Zamość, Łuków, Brzesko, Biała Podlaska, Kielce, and Chełm Battalions; its ranks were filled with older soldiers. Commanded by Lieutenant General Gustaw Harteneck, the division was incorporated into the 72nd Infantry Division on March 23; in April 1944, the latter was transferred to the front at Kovel.
Stb. Kp. II/ SS Pz.Reg. 5 SS Wiking (Command Company of the 2nd Battalion, 5th SS Panzer Regiment)—commanded by SS-Oberscharführer Herbert Genz—was stationed in Zamość in July 1944; the battalion itself was located in Sokal at that time. Composition: Commander's Group: Commander, Company Sergeant Major, Company Technician, Clerk, Driver (staff car); 1st Communications and Reconnaissance Platoon: Platoon Commander; First Squad: Radio Operator, Telephonist, Driver (truck), three Panther tanks (one of the tank commanders served as the squad leader); Second Squad: five Panther tanks, two medium armored personnel carriers (Sd.Kfz. 251) with a two-man crew; 2nd Platoon: Commander, NCO for Special Duties, three motorized liaison personnel (motorcycles), Driver (cross-country vehicle), Machine Gunner; additionally, four Reconnaissance Squads, each comprising: Squad Leader, Cross-country Vehicle Commander (with a Machine Gunner), and a two-man crew for a light patrol vehicle; furthermore, three Pioneer Squads, each comprising: Squad Leader, four Pioneers, two Machine Gun Crewmen, and two Drivers (for a light truck and a medium Pioneer armored vehicle); 3rd Anti-Aircraft Platoon: Commander, Observer, Liaison (motorcycle), Driver (staff cross-country vehicle); additionally, three Anti-Aircraft Squads, each comprising: an anti-aircraft gun vehicle (Sd.Kfz. 7/1) with its crew (Commander, six Gunners, two Ammunition Handlers, Rangefinder Operator), and a semi-tracked truck with a two-man crew—totaling 145 personnel in the company.
Military Hospitals in Zamość
HVPl Zamość (Hauptverbandplatz) — the Main Medical Point in Zamość — was established on September 21, 1939, by the 1. Sanitätskompanie 27 (1st Medical Company of the 27th Infantry Division). Positioned in close proximity to the front lines, the facility comprised a surgical unit complete with an operating theater and was capable of providing daily medical assistance to 25 severely wounded, 60 moderately wounded, and 120 lightly wounded patients. Attached to the facility was the 1. Krankenkraftwagenzug 27 (1st Ambulance Platoon of the 27th Infantry Division). In Zamość, the unit occupied the former infirmary within the barracks complex; on September 25, 1939, it was relocated to Kraśnik (following the Russian occupation of Zamość). The divisional Feldlazarett (field hospital) consisted of two medical companies and two ambulance platoons.
Ortslazaret (Garrison Hospital) – established in November 1939, it was situated within the buildings of the former garrison infirmary of the Polish military, located within the infantry barracks; recruitment of Red Cross nurses—both Polish and German women—began on October 30, 1939; ambulances belonging to the German Red Cross were stationed at the hospital.
Reserve Kriegslazarett 4/526 in Zamość (4th Reserve Military Hospital, 526th Unit, in Zamość) – reserve hospitals were permanent facilities of the medical service, established outside the combat zone within the premises of existing hospitals, and equipped with 150–200 beds; the staff consisted predominantly of Red Cross nurses. The hospital was relocated to Zamość in early July (prior to July 7) 1941 from Tomaszów Lubelski, where it occupied the premises of the garrison hospital. Wounded soldiers, having undergone initial treatment at medical aid stations, were transported to the facility by ambulances, hospital trains, or—in exceptional cases—by Ju 52 transport aircraft arriving at the airfield in Mokre. On October 1, 1942, the facility was redesignated as the Zamość Reserve Hospital (Reservelazarett Zamość), with its entire staff and equipment being transferred to the new entity.
Sanitätsabteilung Lublin Reservelazarett Zamość (Hospital Department Lublin – Reserve Hospital in Zamość) – reserve hospitals were established by mobilizing existing stationary hospitals; they were situated far behind the front lines. The facility in Zamość was formed from a pre-existing reserve military hospital and, like its predecessor, functioned as a permanent hospital. The Senior Physician (*Oberarzt*) was Dr. Ottinger. As the front lines drew near, the hospital was relocated westward in April 1944.
Reserve Kriegslazarett 2/527 (2nd Reserve Military Hospital, 527th Detachment in Zamość) – transferred to Zamość from Równe in April 1944, it was housed within the premises of the former reserve hospital. It had a capacity of 150–200 beds, and the Staff Physician (*Stabsarzt*) was Dr. Paul Muhlenkamp. In early June 1944, the hospital was relocated westward.
Legionistenlazarett (Legionnaires' Hospital) – established in late 1943 in Zamość for the benefit of non-German military units stationed in the area. It provided medical care to sick and wounded soldiers from "Eastern units" serving under German command; previously, such soldiers had been treated at the reserve prisoner-of-war hospital in Zamość, as German hospitals did not treat "subhumans" (*Untermenschen*). The facility was situated on the grounds of the former reserve POW hospital, bounded by the present-day streets of Wojska Polskiego, Bema, Poniatowskiego, and Wybickiego (as visible in a German aerial photograph dated August 26, 1944). It was relocated westward prior to July 25, 1944.
Armee Feldlazarett (mot.) 608 (608th Army Motorized Field Hospital) – in 1942, divisional hospitals were consolidated at the army command level; transferred to Zamość in June 1944 (it was already present in Zamość by June 25) from Stary Konstantynów, it was housed in facilities vacated by a reserve hospital and was designated to accommodate approximately 200 sick and wounded patients; the field hospital was situated in the immediate rear of the front line; on July 21, 1944—due to the approaching front—it was reorganized into HVPl 608 Zamość.
HVPl (mot.) 608 Zamość (608th Motorized Main Medical Point in Zamość) – these medical points were established by divisional medical companies at a distance of 6–10 km from the front line; after receiving treatment at the point—or in some cases, immediately—the wounded were transported to a reserve hospital following appropriate preparation; the transport of the wounded was handled by an assigned ambulance platoon (*Krankenkraftwagenzug*), which consisted of a command element and three sections—totaling 15 ambulances; prior to July 25, 1944, the medical point was relocated to the west.
Polizeisanifasstelle Zamość (Police Medical Station in Zamość) – organized in early 1941 by the medical company of the Police Regiment in Lublin; it was located at the intersection of the present-day Sienkiewicza and Krysińskiego streets (currently the Student Dormitory).
Zahnärztliche Station (mot.) des Pol. Reg. 25 in Zamość (Motorized Dental Unit of the 25th Police Regiment in Zamość) – dispatched in 1942; it was situated adjacent to the medical station.
Subordinate to the District Commandant of Prisoners of War in Lublin
Stalag 325 (Stammlager für Kriegsgefangene) (325th Prisoner-of-War Camp) — established on April 1, 1941; the first Russian prisoners arrived after June 22, 1941 (by October 1941, there were 20,731 prisoners). Initially located in Karolówka, the camp was relocated at the end of 1941 to a new, "winter" northern camp (Lager Nord-Stalag 325) situated on Lubelska Street (currently Piłsudskiego Street). Initially, the camp lacked a hospital, and prisoners were treated at the municipal hospital in Zamość; subsequently, the Kgf. Lazarett-Nord Stalag 325 (Prisoner-of-War Hospital of the Northern Camp) was established within the northern camp. The staff at the camp hospital consisted of Russian prisoners. The camp commandant was Captain Fure, while security was provided by Landesschützen-Bataillon 423 (423rd Home Guard Battalion)—a unit comprising six companies and staffed by soldiers deemed unfit for front-line service. On April 30, 1942, the camp was relocated to Rawa Ruska. Comprising the unit: Command, Work Assignment Group, Medical Group, Intelligence and Censorship Group, Administration Group.
Kriegsgefangene Reserve Lazarett Zamość (Reserve Prisoner-of-War Hospital in Zamość) — in operation since April 1942; it may have been a remnant of the camp hospital following the latter's relocation to Rawa. Staffed by Russian medical personnel (prisoners of war), it was situated on the present-day Wojska Polskiego Street. The facility was liquidated in October or November 1943; it provided treatment to sick prisoners of war from camps located in the Lublin and Lwów districts, as well as to sick and wounded soldiers from Eastern units serving under German command (within the lazaret, they reverted to their status as prisoners of war).
Kriegsgefangen Bau- und Arbeitsbataillon (Prisoner-of-War Construction and Labor Battalion) – following the relocation of the camp from Zamość to Rawa Ruska, it was transformed into a penal camp for French and Belgian prisoners of war. In May 1942, a battalion was formed in Zwierzyniec using prisoners transported from the camp in Rawa. This battalion was subordinate to the Generalgouverneur für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete, Abteilung Straßenbau, Dienststelle Zamość (GG Department of Road Construction for the Occupied Polish Territories, Zamość Branch). The prisoners were utilized for road construction. In October 1942, the battalion was disbanded, and the prisoners were transferred to the main camp in Rawa Ruska. Battalion composition: Command: Commandant, Deputy Commandant (both served on horseback), Chief of Staff, Clerk; a Doctor with a Medic; an Intelligence Officer with a Correspondence Censor; a Supply Group: Quartermaster with a Clerk, two Drivers (for a passenger car and a truck), a Liaison Officer, and a Cook with assistants; three Companies of Prisoners: comprising 300 prisoners in total; and a Guard Platoon drawn from the SS-ukrainische Wachmannschaften (Ukrainian SS Guard Units).
Stalag 319/Z in Zamość (a sub-camp of the 319th Prisoner-of-War Camp) – Russian prisoners of war were transferred here from the main camp in Chełm. The facility operated during March and April 1944. The prisoners were utilized to dismantle the camp for displaced persons located on Lubelska Street. Upon the completion of these tasks, the sub-camp was liquidated, and the prisoners were transferred back to Chełm.
Food Units in Zamosc
Kommandant des Stabsquartiers (Quartermaster) – from October 1939, food supply matters within the Zamość garrison were handled by the Quartermaster of the stationed 209th Infantry Division. His staff consisted of: a Quartermaster with a clerk, a Paymaster with a clerk, a Chief, a duty detail (a commander and 12 soldiers), and a food transport section (a food NCO and a truck driver); the divisional food depot operated under his authority.
Verpflegungsdienststelle (bo.) Zamosz [(primary) food supply service in Zamość; (bo.) Bodenständig (static/garrison)] – a field office established in mid-1940, dedicated to the storage and supply of food to stationed units; located within the barracks complex, it operated the HVL Zamosc (*Heeresverpflegungslager* – Army Food Supply Depot). Composition: Command: Director, six food supply officials; Depot Staff: nine clerks for receiving goods and nine for issuing them, two motorcycle couriers; Transport Section: 10 drivers (operating two passenger vehicles and eight trucks).
Wirtschaftoffizier des Zamosc (Economic Officer for Zamość) – a military administration position established in Zamość on January 25, 1943, tasked with streamlining the supply and quartering of military units. The officer-in-charge held the authority of a battalion commander and was subordinate to the Main Food Command in Kraków. The position was dissolved on April 27, 1944; the food service branch and the food warehouse fell under its jurisdiction.
Verpflegungsamt Zamosc (Food Office in Zamość) – a garrison office incorporating a food warehouse; it operated from April 23, 1944, until its dissolution on November 24, 1944 (at a location outside Zamość). Its staff consisted of: an officer-in-charge, six military clerks (assisted by six scribes), a supply officer, two warehousemen, two food distributors, and four drivers (operating three trucks and one passenger vehicle).
Gerichtsbezirk Labunie (Łabunie Estate District) – an autonomous administrative unit established in December 1942. It encompassed the grounds of a landed estate (farm complex) previously expropriated from Kazimierz Szeptycki. The estate was administered by the Quartermaster of the Łabunie airfield and was dedicated to producing food supplies for the airfield's personnel. A grain storage facility was located within the parish church in Łabunie, while the estate grounds themselves served as a support base garrisoned by an Air Force detachment.
Railway Units in Zamość
Ausladekommissar 17 in Zamość (17th Unloading Inspector in Zamość) — subordinate to the Kraków Transport Command; stationed at the Zamość railway station as of January 19, 1940; commanded by Capt. Kemkaemmerer, with Lt. Ploos serving as his deputy. They supervised the movement of military transports; the station's military and railway personnel were subordinate to the Inspector. In late May 1941, the unit was transferred to Drontheim. As of January 15, 1940, transport commands were placed under the authority of the Unloading Inspector, who was subsequently designated the Unloading Commander (Ausladekommandantur).
Feldbahnkompanie 602 (FBK) (602nd Field Railway Company) – commanded by Oberleutnant Kurt Noack; from October 1942, designated as Feldbahnbetriebskompanie 602 (602nd Field Railway Operations Company). Tasked with the construction and operation of railways, the unit was stationed at the Zamość railway station from mid-1940 [Fig. 12]; laborers for modernization work on the railway station and tracks in Zamość were supplied by the Zamość Judenrat.
Feldbahnkompanie 104 (104th Field Railway Company) – renamed Feldbahnkompanie 304 (304th Field Railway Company) in April 1940. Commanded by Captain Altmann, the unit was stationed in Łaszczów from mid-1940, where it engaged in the construction and operation of narrow-gauge railways within the Hrubieszów district; in 1943, it was transferred to France.
Eisenbahn Baukolonne 10 (10th Railway Construction Column) – commanded by Lieutenant Berger. Its initial stationing site, from November 18 to 28, 1940, was the railway station in Zawada; subsequently, it advanced eastward, repairing or modernizing railway tracks.
Rail Tractor Train 6 (6th Shunting Locomotive Platoon) — subordinate to the command of the 6th Army, it consisted of a headquarters unit (equipped with a passenger car adapted for rail travel) and four locomotives, with at least one stationed at Zamość and another at Zawada; in July 1941, it was transferred eastward.
Eisenbahnpanzerzug 11 (Armored Train No. 11) —stationed in Zamość from April 1944 onwards—consisted largely of the former rolling stock of the Polish Armored Train No. 51, "I Marszałek." Its composition included two artillery cars, two infantry cars, two anti-aircraft cars, and an armored locomotive (positioned in the center of the train), with reconnaissance platforms located at both ends. The train was assigned Panzertriebwagen 16 (PT 16)—an armored railcar capable of independent movement—and, from July 14, 1944, was additionally assigned PT 18; both railcars were utilized for reconnaissance purposes, serving as armored rail-dresines. A key component of the security system was the safeguarding of railway traffic, with armored trains serving as mobile reserves. Armored Train No. 11—operating in conjunction with Armored Train No. 62, which was stationed in Żółkiew—patrolled the railway line connecting Zamość, Rawa Ruska, Żółkiew, and Lwów, while its armored railcars provided direct protection for priority transports. The support train for Armored Train No. 11 was stationed at the Zamość railway station (whereas that of Armored Train No. 62 was at the Żółkiew station). From June 15, the unit participated in Operation "Sturmwind II," and between July 20 and 22, 1944, it fought in the defense of Lublin. The surviving PT 16 railcar is currently housed at the Railway Museum in Warsaw.
Units of the Zamość Garrison Command
Kriegsgefangenenlager Zamosc (Prisoner-of-War Camp in Zamość) – established on October 11, 1939, by the garrison commander for Polish soldiers who still remained in the city; it was located within the infantry barracks complex and served as a temporary camp until the prisoners could be transported to camps in Germany. The camp commandant was the commander of the barracks; residents found harboring prisoners were subject to punishment by a military court-martial.
HuV Zamosc (Heeresunterkunftsverwaltung) (Military Accommodation Administration in Zamość) – located within the barracks complex; it operated from early 1940 onwards.
Tankstelle Militärbefehlshaber im Generalgouvernement (Refueling Point for the Military Command in the General Government) – in Zamość, the main military fuel station was situated within the barracks complex; all other fuel stations in the city were requisitioned by the German military.
Soldatenheim Ortskommandantur (Soldiers' Home of the Garrison Command) – established in early November 1939; initially housed in a wooden building at the intersection of Pereca and Grecka Streets, it was relocated in 1940 to the former Franciscan church. It was intended for soldiers on leave or those traveling through the area.
Hauptkabel (Main Cable) – a direct telephone link to Berlin was utilized by the Wehrmacht High Command to maintain operational control over troops at the front. A long-distance underground cable passed through Zamość; a cable relay station, guarded by a military sentry, was located on Ciepła Street.
Kriegerfriedhof Zamość (Zamość War Cemetery)—a German military cemetery—occupied a designated section of the parish cemetery on Peowiaków Street (which no longer exists). The garrison included an officer responsible for the cemetery (the Graberoffizier), who made the decision to remove the remains of deceased Poles from the German burial ground; his staff consisted of a commander, a clerk, two scribes, and a passenger car driver.
S.S. and Police Garrison in Zamość
Sudabschnitt Zamosc [Southern Section of Zamość], from 15 December 1939 the Lublin district was divided into security sections, in the southern one, which included the districts of Zamość, Biłgoraj, Hrubieszów and Tomaszów, a police battalion was stationed (in the district a police regiment), its companies were located in the districts, and the platoons were divided into more important towns, the commander of the section was each commander of the stationed police battalion, the aide-de-camp of the section Oberleitnt Karl Vincent.
Schutzgebiete Zamosc [Zamość Defensive Area], existed from August 1943 and included the districts of Zamość, Biłgoraj, Hrubieszów, Krasnystaw, divided into Schutzbezirkunterabschnitt [defensive sub-areas] covering the county, in each of which there were points of support in the strength of the platoon [Schutzpunkte], which formed battalion security groups [Bataillons Sicherungsgruppe]: "the only system that gives a guarantee of security, especially for the urgent issue of harvesting, should be considered a dense network of small police stations located in the villages", in March 1944 the points were liquidated, because on February 20, 1944, the GG was recognized as the operational area of the Eastern Front, the responsibility for security in the Zamość region was taken over by Wehrmacht units.
Abteilung K [Division K], an independent aviation unit established on 15 August 1940 at the Lublin Police Regiment, intended for the transport of passengers and correspondence; assigned aircraft: Focke Wulf (twin-hull) and two Fieseler Storch (one with an additional tank for long-haul flights), the unit also used the airfield in Mokre.
Security offices in Zamość
Stationary security police and security service facilities began to be established on November 20, 1939, after the dissolution of the security police operational groups. Their officers were assigned to the emerging offices. In the Lublin district in Biłgoraj, Kazimierz, Kraśnik, Krasnystaw, Lublin, Puławy, Radzyń and Zamość. Located in a single brick building, or several located close to each other, in order to quickly exchange information, they created points of resistance in the event of riots.
External Outposts of the Security Service and Security Police in Zamość
The Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police) branch consisted of the Secret State Police [*Geheime Staatspolizei* (Gestapo)] and the Criminal Police [*Kriminalpolizei* (Kripo)]. The Security Service [*Sicherheitsdienst* (SD)] was not a police force, but rather a service of the NSDAP and a constituent part of the SS; it exercised oversight over all occupation offices and their personnel.
Border Police posts were units of the Security Police (Sicherheitspolizei); as of August 30, 1940, they were established along the border with the USSR to ensure the impermeability of the frontier. Border Police commissariats served as outposts of the Sipo and SD headquarters; they housed specialized Gestapo departments, and the head of the commissariat simultaneously served as the head of the Gestapo section. These posts were disbanded by October 1, 1941, with the exception of the facility in Hrubieszów.
Grenzpolizei Kommissariat Zamość [Border Police Station in Zamość], manager from 1939 criminal counsellor Hans Block (from October 1941 in Sokal); Deputy Head, transferred from Biała Podlaska from the end of 1940, criminal assistant Kurt Engels, in June 1941 transferred to Izbica, was located at 15 Sieroskiego Street, subordinate posts to the police station in Zamość on 30 August 1940.
Outposts subordinate to the precinct, as of August 30, 1940:
Grenzpolizei Posten Biłgoraj [Biłgoraj Border Police Station], Criminal Manager, Secretary Pukall.
Grenzpolizei Posten Hrubieszów [Border Police Station in Hrubieszów], Criminal Director Assistant Hermann Altmann.
Grenzpolizei Posten Tomaszów [Border Police Station in Tomaszów], criminal manager senior secretary Kubin [it is not clear if it is Hans Kubin or Fritz Kubin, or if that is the same person].
A special headquarters was established on May 29, 1941, and was located in Izbica: Sonderkomando des Grenzpolizei Komimssariat Zamosc in Izbica [Special Border Guard Headquarters of the Zamość Police Station in Izbica], criminal director assistant (SS hauptsturmführer) Kurt Engels, from November 1942 he played the dual role of manager in Krasnystaw and Izbica, called Teufel von Izbica [the devil of Izbica], in mid-1943 he was transferred to Warsaw, his deputy was SS Unterscharführer Ludwig Klemm (volksdeutsche).
Customs Border Guard, as of February 28, 1941: Customs posts were subordinate to each command post, the guard was a uniformed and armed formation: Befehlsstelle des Zollgrenzschutzes Hrubieszów [Command Post of the Customs Border Guard in Hrubieszów].
Befehlsstelle des Zollgrenzschutzes Tomaszów Osten [Command Post of the Customs Border Guard Tomaszów Eastern].
Befehlsstelle des Zollgrenzschutzes Tomaszów Westen [Command Post of the Customs Guard Tomaszów Western].
Criminal police facilities; as of 30 August 1940: The criminal police did not deal with common crime, their duty was to provide assistance to the Gestapo, the facility as of August 30, 1940.
Kriminal Kommissariat Zamość [Criminal Police Station in Zamość], Head Criminal Secretary Kirsch (concurrently Head of the Zamość Branch of the PPK).
Kriminal Kommissariat Zamosc Aussenposten Tomaszów [Criminal Police Station in Zamość, external office in Tomaszów], head criminal secretary Ernst Dreier (did not reside permanently in Tomaszów).
Kriminal Kommissariat Biłgoraj [Criminal Police Station in Biłgoraj], head of the criminal secretary Stoltz, in July 1944 SS Hauptsturmführer Wilhelm Eckhard.
Kriminal Komissariat Biłgoraj Aussenposten Goraj [external branch in Goraj].
Kriminal Kommissariat Hrubieszów [Criminal Police Station in Hrubieszów], Head Criminal Secretary Thalwitzer.
Kriminal Komissariat Hrubieszow Aussenposten Bełz [external branch in Belz].
External facilities of the SD security service; as of 30 August 1940:
SD Aussendienststelle Zamosc [External Branch of the Security Service in Zamość], head from 1939 to April 1940 (transferred to Chełm) SS Obersturmführer Alexis Kruger; from April 1940 to May 1941 SS Obersturmführer Albert Ebersold, from the summer of 1941 to May 1943 SS Obersturmführer Adolf Bohlmann, at the same time commander of the SD in Zamość (transferred to Lublin); from May 1943 to July 1944 SS Hauptscharführer Gerhard Hübner transferred from Lublin to 15 Żeromskiego Street.
In Zamość, because it was a resettlement district, in the years 1942-43 the position of the SD commander was created. Each branch of the security police (Gestapo) and security service (SD) had a special fund to cover the costs of maintaining the network of informants. A particularly valuable source of information were denunciations, which, due to their number, were a real plague during the occupation.
Subordinate to the IV Department of the Security Police Command and Security Service in Lublin, as of 1 March 1941:
In 1940, the investigative departments of the Polish police were excluded from the Polish police. The Polish Criminal Police was created at the county level, it did not create separate offices, it was merged with direct supervision bodies (Kripo). The structures of the German criminal police included PPK units covering the district.
Kriminalkommissariat Zamość [Criminal Police Station in Zamość], criminal director secretary Karl Wanek; from 1941 to June 1942 criminal assistant Alois Schwerhoff; in June he was transferred to Piotrków Trybunalski.
Field Units of the Zamość Police Precinct
Nebenstelle Tomaszow (Branch in Tomaszów) – Head: Criminal Secretary Ignatz Perczak.
Aussenposten Rachanie (Outpost in Rachanie) – Head: Criminal Assistant Friedrich Olszewski; located in the school building (disbanded in March 1943); from January 1944, a Gendarmerie post was stationed in Rachanie, commanded by Oberwachmeister Georg Wenk.
Aussenposten Nielisz (Outpost in Nielisz) – disbanded in 1943; a Polish police post was attached to it.
The criminal police stations in Biłgoraj and Hrubieszów were security service posts, and SD referents were located at the posts:
Kriminalkommissariat Biłgoraj (Criminal Commissariat in Biłgoraj) – Head: Criminal Secretary Stoltz.
Kriminalkommissariat Biłgoraj Aussenposten Goraj (Outpost in Goraj).
Kriminalkommissariat Hrubieszów (Criminal Commissariat in Hrubieszów) – Head: Criminal Secretary Thalwitzer.
Kriminalkommissariat Hrubieszów Aussenposten Bełz (Outpost in Bełz).
Outposts of the Security Police and the Security Service, as of October 1, 1941. In Zamość—as it was a resettlement district—an SD Commandant’s office operated during the years 1942–1943.
SD Aussendienststellen Zamość (SD Field Office in Zamość) – Head: from the summer of 1941 to May 1943, SS-Obersturmführer Adolf Bohlmann (who simultaneously served as the SD Commander in Zamość; subsequently transferred to Lublin); from May 1943 to July 1944, SS-Hauptscharführer Gerhard Hubner (transferred from Lublin).
Kriminalkommissariat Zamość (Criminal Police Commissariat in Zamość) – Head: Criminal Secretary Kirsch.
Geheime Staatspolizei Zamość (Gestapo Field Office in Zamość) – Head: from June 1941 to September 1942, Criminal Commissioner Gotthard Schubert (transferred from Lublin, to which he subsequently returned); from September 1942 to September 1943, Criminal Inspector Erich Wendland (transferred from Lublin, to which he subsequently returned); from September 1943 to July 1944, Criminal Commissioner Gotthard Schubert once again (transferred from Lublin).
Nebestelle Tomaszów (Branch Office in Tomaszów) – Head: SS-Sturmscharführer Herman Ernst Wiese. The Chief of the Security Police was the chairman of the summary court (Polizeistandgerichte), which included two other assessors appointed by him from among his staff. The sentences were carried out by Gestapo officers or the police in the Rotunda.
SD Aussendienststellen Biłgoraj [Branch of the Security Service in Biłgoraj], was a Gestapo facility, head of the SS Sturmscherführer Robert Kolb; from December, 1943, SS Hauptsturmführer Walter Trautwein.
Kriminalposten Biłgoraj [Criminal Police Station in Biłgoraj], criminal director senior secretary Johannes Adolf Wilhelm von Dollen, in July 1944 SS Hauptscharführer Wilhelm Eckhard.
Grenzpolizei Kommisariat Hrubieszów [Border Police Station in Hrubieszów], head of the SS Unterscharführer August Ebner, border police station in Hrubieszów.
Gestapo Hrubieszów [Gestapo post in Hrubieszów], head of SS Untersturmführer Adolf Waldner, then SS Hauptscharführer Werner.
Kriminalposten Hrubieszów [Criminal Police Station in Hrubieszów]; Criminal Manager, Secretary Max Stobner; Border police watchtowers: Czumów, Dubienka, Horodło, Kryłów, Matcze, Strzyżów.
Order Police in Zamość
Ordnungspolizei Command in Zamość – an SD liaison officer was attached to the Commandant. The composition of the Ordnungspolizei included the Gendarmerie, the Protection Police, and the non-German police (Polish and Ukrainian). These elements constituted the fundamental structure of the Ordnungspolizei. A portion of the Ordnungspolizei formed security posts, while the remainder operated in cohesive units. Subordinate auxiliary police forces included, among others, the Hilfspolizei; effective October 4, 1943, all Volksdeutsche were conscripted for training and service within this force.
Ordnungspolizei Zamość (Orpo) – Commandant (from 1940): Capt. Willy Voigt. The protective police were located in cities that were urban districts and more important urban centers, which received branches of starosties in the form of municipal commissariats [Stadtkommissariate] with city commissioners (Chełm and Zamość). She supervised the Polish police and dealt with the order and patrol service in the city, and was subordinate to the mayor. It had its own summary court, sentences were carried out on the former sports ground.
Schutzpolizeidiensabteilungen Zamosc(Schupo) [Department of the Protective Police in Zamość], commander in the years 1940-42 Oberleutnant Bruno Meiers (commander of the police cavalry platoon Zamość); from December 1942 to April 1944 SS Oberscharführer Alfred Pfisterer (transferred to Hrubieszów).
Police and SS Commands and Headquarters Stationed in Zamość
I SOKO Zamosc (Sonderkommandos) [1st Special Unit Zamość] was established in the spring of 1943, its operational area was the districts of Zamość, Biłgoraj, Hrubieszów and Krasnostaw, the commander was the head of the Gestapo, criminal inspector Erich Wendland, it was responsible for coordinating actions against partisan and pacification campaigns, collecting information by agents sent and provocative groups. It consisted of the combined units of Sipo and Orpo, they formed Jagdkommandos [pursuit units], they operated in the field secretly in a guerrilla manner, organized ambushes on roads, by bridges and attacked detected underground outposts, on August 20, 1943, SOKO units were disbanded and incorporated into the gendarmerie.
Gegebande [anti-bandit groups] intelligence groups created by SOKO Zamosc, 2-3 person provocative groups consisting of German policemen and gendarmes, dressed in civilian clothes, pretending to be partisans, conducted reconnaissance in villages and towns, consisting of Oberwachmeister Adolf Lange, who was recognized and died in Józefów on May 31, 1943.
Sonderkommando des SS und Polizeifuhrer in Zamosc [Special Headquarters of the SS and Police Commander in Zamość], the units stationed in Zamość were subordinate to it: the 2nd Battalion of the 25th Police Regiment, the 1st SS Landwacht Labunie and the assigned units of the Luftwaffe and SOKO, with SD references at the commandant. It was responsible for coordinating the fight against the resistance movement in the Zamość region, it existed from spring to August 1943, the commander of the SS Hauptsturmführer Walter Trautwein; an example was the planned destruction of Sochy by aviation and a police battalion.
Standortverwaltung Zamosc [Garrison Board in Zamość], the garrison board served as the headquarters of the square in Zamość for SS units and the police, the commander of the square was the commander of the police battalion.
Zentralbauleilung der SS Abteilung in Zamosc [Central Construction Directorate SS Branch in Zamość], from November 1941 the head of the SS Hauptsturmführer Richald Thomalla, was responsible for the preparation of Operation Rainhardt, the design of the extermination camps for Jews and then supervised the construction works, in the construction supervision by the architect Eng. Rimenschneider and the head of the construction of the camps Eng. Moser; at the end of 1943, transformed into the Reichs Kommissariat Bauleitung [management of the construction of the Reich Commissariat], Thomalla stayed in Zamość until June 1944.
Gefangen Durchgangslager Sipo [Transit Camp for Security Police Prisoners], a security police interrogation camp was established in the Rotunda on June 19, 1940, under the head of the field office of the security service in Zamość, the camp commandant, criminal assistant Alois Schwerhoff, called Ali, (in 1941 he completed a detective course), in June 1942 he was transferred to Piotrków Trybunalski; then the SS commander of the SS riding school, Sturmbannführer Jozef Fritz, personally supervised the shooting of prisoners in the courtyard (behind the fence), then fired the "mercy shot" (this is how he called finishing off the wounded), the guards from June 1942 were students from the riding school (from whom the execution squad was formed); The rotunda was a place of execution for prisoners sentenced by the court in Zamość, and a place of liquidation of undesirable ones. The first mass execution in the Rotunda took place on June 15, 1941, the camp existed until July 22, 1944.
Deutsche Strafanstalt Zamosc [German Penitentiary in Zamość], Gefangnis in Zamosc [prison in Zamość] was taken over on 25 May 1940 by the German judicial authorities, the management staff consisted of Germans: Chief Inspector Emil Fasselow, from March 1944 the former Deputy Wolf became the Chief Inspector. The internal guard was carried out by Polish guards, the external protective posts were set up by the Schultzpolizei. From the beginning of January 1942, the name was changed to the German Penitentiary. The Zuchthausabteilung [prison ward] was created for those sentenced by German courts to heavy imprisonment, detention and for interrogation prisoners who were threatened with the death penalty or life imprisonment, the unit was supervised by Heinrich Langenkampfer from the Zamość Gestapo. The penitentiary was closed on July 20, 1944; the Zamość district was subject to the German court in Chełm [Deutsches Gericht Cholm].
Sonderkommando 1005 A [Special Detachment 1005 A], sent at the end of May 1944 from Kamianets-Podilskyi, SS commander Standartenführer Paul Blobel. It consisted of a headquarters, a protective unit (students from the riding school assigned on the spot), a supervisory group (Orpo and Sipo officers) and a Jewish work commando supplemented by captured partisans (after the work was completed, they were all shot). The work commando was engaged in exhuming the bodies of the murdered in the Rotunda, searching the bodies, which were then burned at the stake (railway sleepers alternately arranged with the bodies of the victims and wood, the pile was doused with fuel and tar), this took place in the courtyard of the Rotunda. The remains of the bones not consumed by the fire were ground in the Knochenmuhle [bone mill] and then thrown into the moat. The ashes were poured into dug grave pits and covered with a thick layer of soil (at least 2 m), after the completion of the "work" in June 1944, the unit was sent back to Łódź.
Police units in Zamość (Truppenpolizei)
The barracked police battalions were directly subordinate to the commander of the Order Police [Orpo] in the district. Compact police units, organized and equipped on a military model, were at the disposal of the security service and civilian authorities. They were sent to law enforcement and anti-partisan actions. In Zamość, they were stationed in the police barracks (the building of the former academy).
Reserve Polizei Bataillon 91 [91st Reserve Police Battalion], from 25 September 1939 stationed in Warsaw, from October 1939 in Zamość, where there was a headquarters and 1 company, other companies, 3 in Tomaszów, 2 in Hrubieszów and 4 Krasnystaw, battalion commander Major Bogelsack, company commanders 1 Captain Peter Faust, 2nd Oberleutnant Ernst Renoldi, 3rd Oberleutnant Wilhelm Ahrens, 4th Captain Hans Hoffmann, from 4 November 1939 there was a police regiment Lublin [Polizei Regiment Lublin], the battalion was incorporated into its composition, on 17 January 1940 initially moved to Lublin, in February to Kassel.
Btl. Pol. 73 [73rd Police Battalion], transferred to Zamość on 15 January 1940 to the 91st Battalion, consisting of three companies and a transport unit (K-Staffel 73), battalion headquarters and 1st company in Zamość, 2nd in Hrubieszów, 3rd in Tomaszów, battalion commander Major Buchholtz, company commanders 1 Oberleutnant Eilenfeldt (replaced by Oberleutnant Otto Muller), 2nd Oberleutnant Otto Muller (later Oberleutnant Auerhammer, 3rd vacant, included in the Lublin Police Regiment, from 25 January to 8 August 1940 as Polizei Bataillon Zamosc [Police Battalion Zamość], in May 1940 the battalion was sent to the Janów district in order to collect undelivered contingents, in July 1940 it returned to Lublin, where the 4th support company was formed in August with a platoon of armoured cars (the only armoured unit in the Lublin police regiment), Company Commander Captain Fort
Res. Btl. Pol. 104 [104th Reserve Police Battalion], sent on 28 July 1940 to Zamość from Lublin, was part of the Lublin Police Regiment, commanded by Major Paul Gustaw Giebe, company commanders: 1 from 21 August 1940 was the commander of the battalion's machine gun platoon, 2 Lieutenant Bohm, 3rd Oberleutnant Eilenfeld (from 3 September 1940 Lieutenant Schake), On 20 August 1940, the 4th company (support) of Captain Gerd Sander was formed in Bremen (sent to Zamość on 28 August), platoons of the 4th company were stationed in Mokre, Klemensów (palace), Jacnia and Sitaniec, the battalion had a squadron of drivers [Kraftfahrerstaffel 104], in Zamość the battalion was formed into the Einsetzgruppe intended to carry out executions of the population and partisans in the Rotunda and a resettlement commando was created in the battalion, which dealt with the displacement of the population, it existed until November 1940, the commando commander Captain Hermann von Appen, on November 1, 1940, an order to exclude from the Lublin police regiment, on that day the battalion left Zamość (on November 2 it was in Warsaw), the cars of its transport unit were used for transport, returned to Hamburg later that month.
Btl. Pol. 10 [10th Police Battalion], on 1 November 1940 the order to incorporate the 10th Police Battalion from Warsaw into the Lublin Police Regiment, was transported from Warsaw to Zamość on 1 November 1940 in the cars of his driver squadron (K-Staffel 10), on the spot he took over the duties of the 104th Police Battalion, had a subordinate police cavalry platoon Zamość, in December 1940 he was excluded from the Lublin Police Regiment and sent back to Warsaw, in January 1941, it was transformed into Wachbataillon Warshau [guard battalion Warsaw] subordinated to the gendarmerie headquarters; in mid-November 1940, the 314th Police Battalion received an order to replace the 10th Battalion in Zamość, presumably the staff of the 10th Battalion did not show the proper desire to murder "subhumans".
Btl. Pol. 314 [314th Police Battalion], on 20 December 1940 transferred from Lublin to Zamość, commander Major Hans Martin Schmidt, company commanders 1st Oberleutnant Franz Bauer, 2nd Captain Theodor Wendorf, 3rd Captain Walter Meisel, had his own transport unit and sanitary point, the police cavalry platoon Zamość and the 1st fighter platoon were subordinated to him, in May 1941 together with the 306th Battalion carried out a clearing action in the vicinity of Krasnobrod and Biłgoraj, was part of the Police Regiment South Kraków, transferred on 21 June 1941 (before the attack on Russia) to Częstochowa, where it was incorporated into the Polizei Sud Regiment formed in June 1941.
Jagdzug I [1st Fighter Platoon], formed on 20 December 1940 at the 306th Police Battalion in Lublin, platoon commander Oberleutnant Rudolf Janik, the platoon was transferred to Zamość on 1 March 1941, was a special motorized rapid reaction unit designed to combat banditry and partisan units, sent to a specific event, subordinated to the 314th Police Battalion in Zamość.
Btl. Pol. 313 [313th Police Battalion], the battalion was stationed in Zamość from June 1941, it was part of the Lublin Police Regiment, which at that time consisted of three battalions: the Lublin Battalion (306th Police Battalion), the Zamość Battalion (313th Battalion), the Biała Podlaska Battalion (307th Battalion), the commander of the 313th Battalion, Major Brommer, had four companies (4th Heavy Weapons Company), in accordance with the order of 7 May 1941, each battalion of the police regiment organized a motorized rapid intervention unit (a police team equipped with machine guns and its own car), the battalion was moved to Krakow on January 9, 1942.
Btl. Pol. 306 [306th Police Battalion], on 8-17 February 1941, in cooperation with the security service, fought partisans in the districts of Biłgoraj, Krasnystaw and Janów, in June 1941 the battalion command was stationed in Lublin commanded by Major Ernest Dreier, the 3rd Company in Dęblin was commanded by Captain Gunter Waltz, the 2nd in Biała Podlaska by Commander Oberleutnant Rudolf Eckert, and the 1st in Zamość and Kraśnik by Commander Capt. Paul Landwehr, the deportation action in the Lublin region in 1941 was carried out by separate units from the 2nd and 3rd companies commissioned by the resettlement headquarters, he stayed until February 1942 in the Zamość region, he had his own transport unit.
Funkstelle Zamosc [radio station in Zamość], on 2 January 1941, the quartermaster of the 306th Police Battalion, Police Secretary Paetzola, took over the management of the station with immediate effect, presumably it was a long-range radio station, which was located in the "Czerski House" (the headquarters of the security service).
Abteilung Angehorige Zamosc [collective unit Zamość], collective police units were formed to perform a specific task, in Zamość formed on October 15, 1941 to Aktion Huhnrfarm [chicken farm action], in order to shoot 780 Russian prisoners of war in the Zamość camp in Karolówka, on July 16, 1941, the Reich Main Security Office agreed with the Supreme Command of the Wehrmacht that the prisoners to be shot would be from the camps transferred to the operational units of the Security Police and the Security Service, the Germans called the transfer of prisoners of war to the security police "release from captivity", the detachment consisted of: 2nd Company of the 306th Police Battalion, Commander Oberleutnant Eckert, Zamość Police Cavalry Platoon, Commander Oberleutnant Bruno Meiert, Collective Unit of the Zamość SD, the action was commanded by SS Obersturmführer Adolf Bohlmann, head of the SD office in Zamość, then Major Ernest Dreier (commander of the 306th Police Battalion), the execution began on November 1, 1941 – the commander of the firing platoon from the 2nd Company Oberleutnant Dr. Nikolaus Ernst Hornig refused to obey the order (the platoon was commanded by Oberleutnant Meiert), the quartermaster was provided by the Wehrmacht, then the unit was engaged in executions at the Rotunda, on February 10, 1942 the unit was disbanded.
Res. Btl. Pol. 9 [9th Reserve Police Battalion], the battalion was formed in May 1941 with elderly reservists, then re-formed into Radfahrbataillon 9 [9th Cyclist Battalion], commanded by Major Paul Meier, company commanders 1st Capt. Franz Zipperling, 2nd Capt. Ganz, 3rd Capt. Walter Krumme, 4th Capt. Gabel, the battalion was sent from the front in November 1941 to Zamość for reformation, "due to serious disciplinary problems, which were expressed in excesses and which should be seen as a direct consequence of the psychological stress caused by the mass murders", Res. Btl. Pol. 3 [3rd Reserve Police Battalion], already in railway transport to the east, was redirected to Zamość in order to replace the 9th Battalion, the commander of the 3rd Battalion, Major Arthur Seidel, received an order to take over four companies of the 9th Battalion, from 16 December the 3rd Battalion was in Zamość, Major Seidel ordered the 3rd Battalion to remain in Zamość and take over the companies of the 9th Battalion (both had 4 companies each), although initially the 3rd Battalion was to be used as a compact unit in Russia, on the spot, just like its predecessor, it was separated and assigned to various special units, the replacement was successfully completed in January 1942; The 3rd Company of the 9th Battalion was replaced by the 2nd Company of the 3rd Battalion and the 2nd Company of the 9th Battalion by the 1st Company of the 3rd Battalion, the 2nd and 3rd Companies of the 9th Battalion were incorporated into the 3rd Battalion, in January Major Seidel issued an order for the companies of the 3rd Battalion to gradually leave Zamość; from the 1st and 2nd companies of the 3rd Battalion and the 1st and 4th companies of the 9th Battalion, four special groups [Einsatzgruppen der Sicherheitspolizai und des SD] were formed for various operational units on the Eastern Front, group commanders: Captain Franz Zipperling, Captain Ganz, Captain Walter Krumme, Captain Gabel, which in March 1942 went to their destinations.
Schutzmanns Erzatz Btl. 203 [203rd Protective Reserve Battalion], transferred to Zamość in January 1942 to ensure security, commanded by the Commander of the Order Police in Lublin, Major Willy Suchanek (from 15 January 1944 Major Hans Korda), Company Commanders: 1st Captain Walter Koch, 2nd Reserve Lieutenant Ludwig Kaiser, 3rd Lieutenant Res. Anton Wunsch, 4th Lieutenant Res. Walter Bauer, in June 1942 the battalion was sent back to Puławy, on 15 January 1944 the battalion was assigned to the 2nd battalion of the 25th Police Regiment, to be used by the regiment command, the regulation of the SS and police commander from March 1944 ordered only protective battalions to be used for the protection of the facilities.
Res. Btl. Pol. (mot.) 133 [133rd Motorized Reserve Police Battalion], sent to Zamość from Galicia in March 1942, dealt with the displacement and deportation of Jews from Zamość and the Zamość region to the camp in Bełżec, since May 4, 1942 has been in Chełm, battalion commander Major Gustaw Englisch, company commander 1st Captain Ernst Lederer, 2nd Reserve Lieutenant Ungnade (battalion adjutant), 3 by Albrecht Westermann.
Res. Btl. Pol. 41 [41st Reserve Police Battalion], a battalion sent to Zamość at the beginning of May 1942 to fight partisans in the southern section of security, on 15-29 May it fought partisans in the Zamość district, posted two guard commands in Sitno and Łabunie, the battalion commander Major Johannes Luters (from April 1942 Major Hans Kargel), the company commander Captain Jager, Oberleutnant Riebe, Oberleitte rez. Drost, Oberleutnant Artur Steinber, in June 1942 transferred to the middle section of security (Kraśnik district), from 9 July 1942 as the 1st Battalion of the 22nd Police Regiment in Warsaw, took part in the Operation Harvest Festival.
On 9 July 1942, the following police units were stationed in Zamość: the command of the 2nd Battalion of the 22nd Police Regiment, commanded by Captain Wilhelm Collsem (the battalion was in the process of being formed), the reserve police company Frankfurt, the transport unit of the police regiment from Lublin, the communication platoon from the Polizei Narichtenkompanie 309[309th Police Communications Company]; every police regiment had a police communications company (the 309th company was part of the 25th Police Regiment, commanded by Captain Weinzierl), the entire communications company later took part in Operation Sturmwind.
Reserve Polizei Kompanie Frankfurt [reserve police company from Frankfurt], sent in May 1942 from Warsaw, stationed in Zamość, commanded by Oberleutnant Friedrich Wertz, on 9 July 1943 the 2nd Battalion of the 22nd Police Regiment was formed in Zamość: from the reserve company Frankfurt in Zamość (5th company of the battalion), the reserve company Gliwice in Lublin (6th company) and the 3rd company of Orpo in Krakow (7th company), in February-March 1944 the 2nd Battalion fought in the Zamość region against units of the 1st UDP,
Res. Btl. Pol. 67 [67th Reserve Police Battalion], on 28 May 1942 sent to Zamość, as part of three companies, in July 1942 oku. the Einsatzgruppe [special group] created in Zamość was subordinated to him, consisting of: a cavalry squadron from the III Squadron, a cavalry platoon from the Zamość cavalry, a communications platoon, a transport unit; from 9 July 1942 the name of the Lublin Regiment was changed to the 25th Police Regiment in Lublin (from 24 February 1943 to the SS Polizei Regiment 25) and its composition was changed, the 67th Battalion became the 2nd Battalion of the 25th Police Regiment, the commander of the SS battalion Obersturmbanfuhrer Gera Sack (from 3 December 1943 Major Gabriel, on 21 January 1944 Major Johannes Korda), Company commanders 1st Captain Karl Rehdantz, 2nd Lieutenant Kurt Columbus, 3rd Lieutenant Otto Nielebock, the battalion is stationed in Zamość, took part in the Harvest Festival, the 3rd Company on 2-3 November 1942 took part in the liquidation of the ghetto in Tarnogród.
Staffing of Guard Posts, as of May 28, 1942:
Zamość – Battalion Headquarters (Commander: Major Kurt Sack; Orpo Commander in the Lublin District), Communications Platoon, Transport Detachment Area of operations of the 1st Company, 67th Reserve Police Battalion.
Zamość – 1 platoon
Krasnobród, Józefów, Susiec, Biłgoraj – 2 platoons
Rachanie – 3 platoons
Area of operations of the 2nd Company, 67th Reserve Police Battalion
Gmina Dołhobyczów contains the villages and settlements of Dołhobyczów, Ulów, Hamernia, Turobin, Tomaszów – 1 platoon
Kraśniczyn and Tomaszów – 2nd and 3rd Platoons
On December 23, 1942, the company was moved to Łaszczów: three sectors: Dzierążnia, Łaszczów, Tomaszów.
Area of operation of the 3rd company
Biłgoraj, Lubliniec, Tarnogród, Frampol, Krzeszów – 1 platoon
Biłgoraj and Zamość – 2 platoons
Gmina Biłgoraj contains the villages and settlements of Biłgoraj, Aleksandrów, Józefów, Łukowa, Tarnogród, Zwierzyniec – 3 platoons
Staffing of Guard Posts, as of July 25, 1942:
Biłgoraj District
Tarnogród 1st platoon of the 3rd company of the 67th Police Battalion.
Biłgoraj 2nd Platoon of the 3rd Company of the 67th Police Battalion.
Józefów cavalry platoon of the 3rd Squadron of the Police Cavalry Regiment.
Hrubieszów District
Dołhobyczów 1st platoon of the 2nd company of the 67th Police Battalion, motorized radio group.
Hrubieszów 2nd platoon of the 2nd company of the 67th Police Battalion.
Krasnystaw District
Krasiczyn 3rd Platoon of the 1st Company of the 67th Police Battalion.
Żółkiewka 3rd Platoon of the 3rd Company of the 67th Police Battalion.
Krasnystaw cavalry platoon of the 3rd Squadron of the Police Cavalry Regiment.
Zamość District
Zamość Headquarters of the 67th Police Battalion, K-Staffel Transport Unit, 1st Platoon of the 1st Company of the 67th Police Battalion, Communications Platoon, Police Cavalry Platoon Zamość.
Krasnobród 2nd platoon of the 1st company of the 67th Police Battalion.
Tyszowce 2nd Platoon of the 2nd Company of the 67th Police Battalion.
Tomaszów cavalry platoon of the 3rd Police Squadron of the Cavalry Regiment, from 7 June 1943 the 6th Company of the 25th Police Regiment (3rd Company of the 67th Police Battalion).
From January 1943 the battalion took part in all anti-partisan actions in the Lublin region, on 1 June 1943 together with the Sonderkommando Zamość it took part in the action, in Józefów, from 27 June to 16 August 1943 it took part in the Operation Werwolf I and II; in March 1944 it was involved in the evacuation of German children and women from the Zamość region to the camp in Łódź.
As of February 1, 1944, he was guarding:
1st company timber removal points in Długie Kąt and Korytków, distillery in Ruda Różaniecka, grain warehouse in Podzam, Siedliska estate.
The 2nd and 3rd companies secured the line of the Bug River and fought in the Zamość region in February-March 1944 the 1st UDP, created points of resistance in Różanka and Orchówek.
In May 1944, the battalion was incorporated into the Zamość Self-Defense Regiment [Regiment Selbschutz Zamosc].
The 422. Polizei Abteilung z.b.V. Zamość (422nd Special Purpose Police Battalion in Zamość) was formed on November 25, 1942, specifically to carry out expulsions in the Zamość region (Operation "Zamość"). It consisted of a headquarters and four companies; the battalion commander was Captain Maurin. Its composition included:
Two companies detached from the 203rd Reserve Protection Battalion: Lieutenant Kaiser’s 2nd Company became the special battalion’s 3rd Company, while Lieutenant Anton Wunsch’s 3rd Company became its 4th Company.
It also included a company from the 2nd Battalion of the 25th Police Regiment (67th Police Battalion): Captain Karl Rehdantz’s 3rd Company became the special battalion’s 2nd Company.
Finally, it included a company from the 3rd Battalion of the 25th Regiment (101st Battalion): Captain Erhard Biskady’s 3rd Company became the special battalion’s 1st Company.
The companies were divided into operational groups that carried out expulsions according to a fixed daily schedule. The unit was concentrated to destroy any detected partisan detachments; it participated in combat engagements near Wojda and Zaboreczno. The battalion was disbanded in March 1943, and its constituent companies were returned to their respective parent battalions.
Res. Btl. Pol. 101 [101st Reserve Police Battalion], on 25 June 1942 sent from Lublin to Zamość, used for special actions (in special actions the contractors were assigned alcohol), from 9 July 1942 as the 3rd Battalion of the 25th Police Regiment, battalion commander Major Herman Anton Kintrup (from 31 July 1942 Major Wilhelm "Papa" Trapp, from 15 February 1943 Capt. Johan Schlicker, from 14 January 1944 Capt. Reimer, from 15 April 1944 Major Lippmann), company commanders 1 Captain Julius Wohlauf (from October 1942 Capt. Erich Steidtmann), 2nd Lt. Hartwig Gnade (from May 1943 Oberleutnant Kurt Dreyer), 3rd Capt. Wolfgang Hoffmann (from December 1942 Capt. Erhard Biskady'e); On 30 June 1942 he was transferred to Biłgoraj, where he was engaged in "clearing the area of Jews" and "resettlement on the spot", murders on the spot were carried out in towns located far from railway lines, he was equipped with bicycles used by flying patrols to "poloinania" on hiding Jews, on 12 July he was concentrated in Biłgoraj, on 20 July he was transferred to Radzyń: headquarters and 1st company in Radzyń, 2nd company in Biała Podlaska, 3rd company in Puławy; took part in the Harvest Festival,
Res Pol. Btl. (mot.) 65 [65th Motorized Police Battalion], from 9 July 1942 as the 1st Bataillon Cholm of the 25th Polizei Regiment [1st Chełm Battalion of the 25th Police Regiment], moved to Zamość in February and in April 1943 transferred to Ostrów Lubelski, battalion commander Major Walter Barkhold, company commanders 1st Oberleutnant Wilhelm Niemann, 2nd Capt. Helmut Rehfeld, 3 Capt. Walter Grundmann; The Germans, in order to please the Ukrainians, used the names of cities in the Ukrainian version.
Polizei Regiment 13 [13th Police Regiment], was sent to Operation Wehrwolf, from 27 June to 11 July 1943 fought partisans in the field and carried out pacification and displacement.
As of July 16, 1943, he manned the security posts:
Stab Polizei Regiment 13 (Regimental Headquarters)
Lublin – Regimental Headquarters (Commander: Major Hans Fleckner) and support units.
Stab Polizei Regiment 13 [regimental headquarters]
Radzyń: Headquarters of the 1st Battalion (commander Major Droge), Command of the 1st Company (Oberleitant Voigt), platoon of the 1st Company.
Kock: platoon of the 1st company.
Czemierniki: platoon of the 1st company,
Parczew: headquarters of the 2nd company (commander Captain Schroder) and two platoons of the 2nd company.
Ostrów Lubelskie: platoon of the 2nd company.
Lubartów: headquarters of the 3rd company (commanded by Captain Gunter Fritz), with one platoon.
Kamionka: Platoon of 3 companies.
Firlej: Platoon of the 3rd Company.
II/Polizei Regiment 13 [2nd Battalion]
Krasnystaw: headquarters of the 2nd battalion (commander Captain Jarosch), command of the 4th company (commander Captain Johann Knoll) with one platoon.
Żółkiewka: platoon of the 4th company.
Piaski: platoon of 4 companies.
Szczebrzeszyn: headquarters of the 5th company (commander Captain Wagner) with one platoon.
Turobin: platoon of 5 companies.
Obrocz: a platoon of 5 companies.
Janów Lubelski: the command of the 6th company (replacing the commander of Lieutenant Kokoll, from 5 September 1943 the commander of Captain Lammers) and two platoons of the 6th company.
Ulanów: platoon of the 6th company.
III/Polizei Regiment 13 [3rd Battalion]
Puławy: Headquarters of the 3rd Battalion (commanded by Major Dahm).
Ryki: 7th Company Headquarters (commander Capt. Wilken), 7th Company Platoon and 8th Company Platoon.
Przytocznie: the platoon of the 7th company.
Michów: platoon of the 7th company,
Kluczkowice: 8th Company Headquarters (Commander Capt. Franz Jacobs),
Kębło and Wąwolnica (landed estates): platoon of the 8th company.
Opole: Platoon of 8 companies.
Kraśnik: headquarters of the 9th company (commander Oberlejtnant Abraham) with one platoon.
Zaklików: platoon of the 9th company.
Lipa: Platoon of the 9th Company.
In addition, guard units were set up for two labor camps:
— Budzyń the command of the mortar company (commander Oberleittant Peters), one platoon of the company secured the labor camp for Jews.
— Zwierzyniec one platoon of mortar companies secured the camp for the displaced people.
I/ Pol. Reg. 4 [1st Battalion of the 4th Police Regiment], brought to Zamość in June 1943 (Operation Wehrwolf) and in order to combat partisans in the area of Zamość (former 316th Police Battalion), battalion commander Major Wilhelm Ochse, company commanders 1st Captain Walter Nord, 2nd Captain Hermann Kraiker, 3rd Oberleutnant Otto Petersen.
As of July 19, 1943, he manned the security posts:
Szczebrzeszyn: battalion headquarters, 2nd company headquarters and two platoons of 2nd company; On 13 August, the battalion headquarters was moved to Kraśnik, the company headquarters and both platoons were also transferred.
Zwierzyniec: headquarters of the 1st company and two platoons, one platoon protecting the camp, the other forming a point of support, 13 August 1943 moved.
Budzyń platoon of the 1st company, guarded the passing camp (captured during Operation Wehrwolf).
Aleksandrów: platoon of the 2nd company, 13 August 1943 transferred.
From August 13, 1943:
Janów Lubelski: platoon of the 3rd company, on 25 August 1943 the 71st motorized platoon of the gendarmerie arrived (equipped with armoured cars), commander Oberleutent Zenz.
Lipa: of the 1st Company.
Zaklików: platoon of the 1st company.
Piotrowice: platoon of the 3rd company.
As of September 29, 1943:
Szczebrzeszyn: headquarters of the 2nd company.
Zaklików: 1st Platoon of the 2nd Company.
Aleksandrów: 2nd Platoon of the 2nd Company.
Lipa: Platoon 3 of the 2nd Company.
Janów Lub.: Headquarters of the 3rd company.
Niedrzwica: 2nd platoon of the 3rd company.
On 25 February 1944 the battalion was concentrated in Biłgoraj to fight the 1st UDP, from 15 June 1944 it took part in Operation Sturmwind II (as part of the 174th Reserve Division), on 26 June 1944 the battalion left the occupied buildings of the Zamość Ordinance Board in Zwierzyniec.
III/ Polizei Regiment 26 [3rd Battalion of the 26th Police Regiment], the 26th Regiment was sent from Norway in June 1943 to the Zamość area, commanded by Colonel Walter Strehlow, in order to fight the partisans – Operation Werwolf; in Zamość from 29 June to 6 July 1943 the 3rd Battalion of the regiment (256th Police Battalion) was stationed, here it was transformed into the Polizei Aussbildungs Partisanenkampf [police training group for partisanship fighting], the battalion commander Major Walter Olsen (Ohlsen), the commanders of the companies 1 Captain Puls, 2nd Captain Hiemer, 3rd Captain Diestelmeier, in July 1943 the battalion was moved to the east.
Polizei Schutzen Regiment 32 [32nd Police Rifle Regiment], formed on 21 April 1943 in Białystok, it consisted of the 3rd Battalion of the 17th SS Police Regiment, which became the 1st Battalion of the 32nd Regiment (it consisted of four companies, the commander of the 4th Support Company Oberleutnant Erwin Adis; the battalion consisted only of Germans) commanded by Major Georg Vogell and the 2nd and 3rd battalions composed of Ukrainian volunteers of the Greek-Catholic faith with German personnel (both 3 companies each), regiment commander Lieutenant Colonel Franz Lechthaler, commander of the 2nd Battalion Major Adam (company commanders Captain August Endlich, Captain Wilhelm Schobert, Oberleutnant Hans Hasper), commander of the 3rd Battalion Major Wilhelm Arndt (company commanders Captain Helmut Kopt, Captain Erich Krause, Oberleutnant Georg Jung), on 16 May 1943 in Lublin, brought to Zamość took part in Operation Wehrwolf, on 1 June 1943 the Ukrainian battalion of the regiment murdered the inhabitants of Sochy, On August 16, 1943, the Ukrainians of the 2nd and 3rd battalions were formed Ukrainische Schutzmannschafts Bataillon 206 [206th Ukrainian Protection Battalion], commanded by Major Knolle, the 32nd regiment was liquidated in November 1943.
Galizisches SS Freiwillingen Regiment 5 [5th Galician SS Volunteer Regiment], formed in Zamość, on 5 July 1943 the command of the 32nd Police Regiment and German personnel from the 1st Battalion of the 32nd Regiment were handed over to its formation, consisting of three battalions filled with Ukrainian volunteers with German command staff, commander Lieutenant Colonel Franz Lechthaler, battalion commanders 1st Major Georg Vogell, 2nd Major Kurt Edelmann, 3rd Major Wilhelm Arndt, the command was stationed in Zamość with the 1st battalion, the 2nd in Biłgoraj and the 3rd in Hrubieszów, was engaged in fighting Polish and Russian partisan units in the Zamość region, committing crimes against the Polish population (the Ukrainiansthreatened the population in Zamość that before the arrival of the Russians there would be Ukraine for at least one day, but without Poles), since 20 February 1944 the regiment headquarters with the 1st battalion has been stationed in Chełm, the 2nd in Hrubieszów, the 3rd in Biała Podlaska, with the task of defending against the partisans of the Bug line; On 4-5 March 1944, the 2nd Battalion of the regiment with the 72nd motorized gendarmerie platoon (commander Lt. Posch) was fighting the 1st UDP in the Biłgoraj and Zamość districts, the platoon was equipped with 3 armoured cars, the regiment was disbanded on 9 June 1944 and used to replenish the losses of the 14th SS Galizen Grenadier Division destroyed near Brody.
Motorized Units
NSKK (Nationalsoziolistisches Kraftfahrkorps) [National Socialist Motor Corps], police transport companies were formed from the corps, from 8 December 1939 the 4th transport company Hanover [NSKK Polizei Verkehrs Kompanie 4 Hanover in Lublin] was assigned to the Lublin Police Regiment, commanded by Oberstaffefuhrer Keppler, between 5-20 July 1940 returned to Germany.
As of July 12, 1940: Kraftfahrehrstaffel [squadron of drivers], squadrons were formed at each police battalion (they received their numbering) in the Lublin regiment, from 12 September 1940 they were subordinated to the transport officer of the regiment in Lublin, Oberleutnant Schmidt, K-S Lublin (104), K-S Zamość (73), K-S Biała Podlaska (43); in July 1940, K-S (104) was transferred from Lublin to Zamość, commanded by Captain Sengebusch (from 21 August 1940 Oberleutnant Knoll); K-S Zamość (73) remained in Zamość, took over all the equipment and people from the sent K-S 104; K-S (43) remained in Biała Podlaska.
As of November 1, 1940: after the exchange of battalions in the Lublin Police Regiment in Zamość, the 104th battalion stationed with the K-S (104) was transferred to Germany in November, the detached K-S (73) was sent to Lublin again; in Lublin, the 306th Police Battalion next to it K-S (73); the 10th Police Battalion was moved to Zamość with it K-S Berlin (10) – the name was changed to K-S Zamość (10), from December it was moved to Warsaw; in Biała Podlaska 307 from 5 October 1940 was taken over by K-S (43).
In November 1940, the reorganization of the the driver squadrons were re-formed after the cavalry platoons from the Reiterstaffel des Polizei Regiment Lublin [cavalry squadron of the Lublin police regiment] were incorporated into cavalry and driver squadrons [Reit und Fahrstaffel]. In Biała Podlaska, a squadron of cavalry and drivers of the 307th Police Battalion; in Lublin, a squadron of cavalry and drivers of the Lublin 306th Battalion; in Zamość, a squadron of cavalry and drivers of the Zamość 10th battalion, and from December 1940 of the 314th battalion (commander of Lt. Last).
In mid-February 1941, all squadrons of drivers were transferred to Germany. Later, if necessary, cars from the K-Staffel des SS Polizei Regiment 25 [a squadron of drivers of the 25th Police Regiment] were assigned to the police battalions of the Lublin Police Regiment.
S.S. Support Units
They are placed in seized land estates with an area of more than 100 ha. In the Zamość district, the following estates were designated for this purpose: Adamów, Bortatycze, Dzierążnia, Horyszów Polish, Krasnobród-Podzamek, Łaziska, Ruskie Piaski, Tarnawatka, Topornica. At the beginning of 1944, only the support points in Krasnobrod and Adamów remained.
The Fohlenzuchtzentrum in Adamow [Foal Breeding Center in Adamów], established on October 15, 1942 in the seized estate, was responsible for replenishing horses for the SS cavalry, the farm had an SS support point, and in June 1944 the Germans managed to evacuate all the horse material to the west.
Bortatycze (Baltenhof) was located in the seized farm of the ordination, the commander of the SS unterstumsfuhrer Wiezer, in 1943 the SS Schulugsheim Baltenhof [SS boarding school in Bortatycze] was organized, intended for German youth from the Hitler Youth, preparing for various professions (mainly agricultural), the head of the school was the commander of the base, in the farm there was a support point, a platoon of Landwach SS (condition 1+25).
Schutzstaffeln (SS) [Protective Squads]
These were independent auxiliary formations supporting the activities of the police, providing guards and staff to labor camps.
Schutzstaffeln (SS) Landwach Lublin. Inspektion Nord-Zamosc [Relays of the Protective Village Guard in Lublin, Inspectorate North-Zamość], existed in the years 1943-44, it was involved in the formation of protective stations of the village guard from the Volksdeutsches to defend against partisans, the inspector was the commander of the SD in Zamość; in Tomaszów Lub. there was (SS) Landwach Schule [guard school] located in the building of the gymnasium, in February-March 1944 a combat group of trainees took part in the fight against the 1st UDP, in the vicinity of Zamość.
Schutzmannschaften Landwach Zamosc [Rural Guard Protection Relays], established in November 1942 in Zamość, formed two compact barracked dispatch units: the 1st Zamość Guard Battalion, transferred to Łabuń, and the Zamość Guard Unit, which was directly subordinate to the Zamość gendarmerie; the other guards belonged to the local armed militia, from which night watches were posted daily in each inhabited village and order patrols during the day; from the beginning of May 1944, together with the gendarmerie, they created strong points of support in the most important towns along the main roads and railway tracks, in the Zamość district: Dub, Kotlice, Horyszów Ruski, Łabunie, Mokre, Ruskie Piaski, Skierbieszów, Stary Zamość, Sułów, Szczebrzeszyn, Zamość, Zawada, Zwierzyniec, patrols were sent from them every day, in July 1944 in the Zamość district the guard was liquidated.
1 (SS) Landwach Bataillon Zamosc in Labunie [1st battalion of the SS Zamość in Łabunie], in Łódź, Volksdeutsches from Bosnia and Slovenia, aged 18-45, were appointed to the village guard, who were intended to settle in the Zamość region; the Ausbildungsbataillon der Landwach [Village Guard Training Battalion] was formed, in the camp, in Tuszyn near Łódź, they underwent 2 months of military training, in November 1942 in Zamość they were formed into the 1st Bataillon Landwach Zamość (Himmler changed to the 1st SS Landwacht Bataillon), SS commander sturmbannfuhrer Thor Jorgensen (former captain of the Danish army), the battalion consisted of three companies, was subordinate to the Zamość commander of the gendarmerie, was transferred to Łabuń, took part in the displacements, Operation Wehrwolf and the Battle of Zaboreczno, in August 1943 the battalion was considered a private unit of Odilo Globocnik, after its transfer it was disbanded, the commander was transferred to Lublin and the others were divided into police support points.
(SS) Landwach Jaroslawiec [Village Guard in Jarosławiec], commander of the village of Jarosławiec near Zamość, SS Sturmmann Schuppler in May 1943 applied for permission to form a compact unit of the village guard from the inhabitants to defend the village, the commander was SS Obersturmführer Herald Weiter, at the same time appointed commander of the municipal guard, the unit was subordinated to the commander of the police in Zamość, a guardhouse was organized in the school building, connected by a telephone line to Zamość.
SS-ukrainische Wachmannschaften [Ukrainian Sentry Relays], consisting of volunteers Ukrainians living in the GG areas and volunteers recruited in Soviet prisoner of war camps, the Germans preferred Ukrainians in this type of service, considered them loyal, ruthless executors of orders, trained in the SS center for guards in Trawniki, were used not only as guards in camps, but also took part in all extermination actions directed against Polish and Jewish population.
Auxiliary Police Units
Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz Zamosc [German self-defense in Zamość], on October 12, 1939, the commander of the square in Zamość issued a decree on the creation of a volunteer German militia from local Volksdeutsches (17-45 years old); at the end of 1939, a self-defense was established in the Zamość district, to which local Volksdeutsches were voluntarily accepted, which was used in terrorist actions against civilians and to supervise forced labor of Jews, from February 1940 SS sturmbanfuhrer Herman Dolp became the district commander, in July 1940 the commandant of the camp in Bełżec, at that time the self-defense was dissolved by Governor Frank due to arbitrary looting and lack of subordination, the best candidates were formed Sonderdienst, and some were sent to police units.
Sonderdienst Zamosc [special service in Zamość], after the dissolution of self-defense on the basis of Frank's decree of 6 May 1940, a special service began to be created from selected Volksdeutsches (18-40 years old), in the Lublin district Bataillon E was created, divided into platoons assigned to each district at the disposal of the starost; the service was an auxiliary police, with the task of collecting quotas, enforcing taxes and administrative penalties, fighting illegal trade and supervising prices, from November 1942 in the Zamość region it secured farms in displaced villages until the arrival of German colonists.
As of August 17, 1941:
The existing platoons in the following counties: Biłgoraj 1/20 (commander and 20 men), Hrubieszów 1/41, Krasnostawski 1/13, Zamość 1/17, were stationed in the cities with the counties.
SonderkommandosZamosc [special units in Zamość], on June 3, 1942 the special service (Sonderdienst) was subordinated to the Ordungpolizei [order police], on August 20, 1943 it was barracked and incorporated into the police structures, special units consisting of the gendarmerie and the special service were created, in 1943 the main task was to guard the buildings of state institutions, economic facilities and industrial and agricultural product warehouses; in the Zamość district: sugar factory in Klemensów (on 1 May 1944 the post was disarmed), grain warehouse in Podzamość, guard posts were set up at the power plant and administrative buildings in Zamość.
Selbstschutz Regiment Zamosc [Zamość Self-Defense Regiment], in March 1944, all Germans aged 16-60 were mobilized in the Zamość district, they were formed into the Ausbildungsbataillon Landwacht [school battalion of the village guard], where they underwent military training; On May 5, 1944, the commander of the SS and Police of the district, Jakub Sporrenberg, formed a self-defense regiment, consisting of three battalions: the 1st battalion was a motorized gendarmerie battalion supplemented by the village guard [Landwacht]; The 2nd Battalion was the 2nd Police Battalion of the 25th Police Regiment (67th Police Battalion), after being supplemented by the village guard, the 4th Company of the Battalion was formed from it; The 3rd Battalion was formed by the gendarmerie of the Zamość district after being supplemented by the village guard, the regiment commander Major Johannes Korda (at the same time the commander of the 2nd battalion), on July 15, 1944 the regiment was disbanded, the 2nd battalion (commanded by Major Johannes Korda) together with the 3rd battalion (commander Major Lippmann) went to Lublin, and the 1st motorized battalion of the SS and gendarmerie commanded by Major Dorge to Kraśnik.
Auxiliary Local Police
Polish Police: On October 30, 1939, the Chief Police Commander in the General Assembly called on all former Polish policemen to report for service (by November 10). The Polish Police was established on the basis of the Governor General's Decree of 17 December 1939, and was transformed into a self-government body under the management of starosts. The district commander was subordinate to the commander of the district gendarmerie platoon, from 1942 the police stations were directly subordinate to the district commander of the gendarmerie.
District Headquarters of the Polish Police in Zamość, Commander Lieutenant Jan Słowikowski, Secretary of the Headquarters Sergeant Leonard Schinauer. In six districts of the General Police, in addition to police stations, municipal police stations in larger cities acted as executive units. The posts covered the area of one to several communes.
Police stations at the beginning of 1942 (Zamość district): Adamów, Cieszanów, Jarczów, Komarów, Kotlice, Krasnobród, Krynice, Łabunie, Narol, Majdan Górny, Majdan Sopocki, Nielisz, Płazów, Pasieki, Rachanie, Skierbieszów, Stary Zamość, Sułów, Tarnawatka, Tomaszów, Zawada and Zamość.
Zamość Police Station of the Polish Police, Lieutenant Zygmunt Bogaczewski, in February 1944, the gendarmerie platoon in Zamość and the police station in Zamość deployed a joint battle group to fight the 1st UDP near Zamość.
The night watch (Polish) existed before the war in every village and town, during the occupation it began its activity in October 1939, it was the lowest local authority in the German security system, supervised by the starost (who issued organizational regulations), it was subordinate to the gendarmerie and the police, it was organized by the mayor or the mayor, most often from the Volunteer Fire Brigade, the guards were to patrol the area of their village at night in order to protect against fire (as an alarm system a metal rail was hung – until recently they were in the villages) and thefts, detain escapees from ghettos and prisoner of war camps and individual suspects, report to the gendarmerie about all events, the guards were not uniformed with their armament were thick wooden pegs and agricultural tools,
Ukrainian Police
The Ukrainian Auxiliary Police was established by the decree of Governor Frank of December 17, 1939, in June 1940 the Ukrainian police was organized into the Lublin District with its headquarters in Zamość, headed by Dr. Jan Kozak, in the Zamość district the stations were located in Jacnia and Łaszczów. In Jacnia, they protected the relay of a long-distance ground cable.
The Ukrainischer Selbstchutz [Ukrainian Self-Defense], was formed on June 26, 1943 in the Lublin district by the German security service, its commander was SS haptsturmführer Biegelmeyer.
Armed guards were formed in Ukrainian villages, and at the same time they were recruited from them to the auxiliary Ukrainian police and police battalions.
Jewish Police
The JudischerOrdungsdienst Zamosc [Jewish Order Service] was established at the end of 1941, from the transformation of the Judenrat's informal order service, the so-called "Strong". Initially, it had 10, and then in April 1942 16 officers. A. Lipmann (German pilot) became the commander. It was liquidated together with the Zamość ghetto.
Protective Police and Waffen-SS Cavalry Units in Zamość
4 Steffel der SS Totenkopf Reiter Standarte [4th Squadron of the SS Cavalry Regiment], SS commander Sturmbannführer Josef Fritz (from March 1941 SS Hauptsturmführer Franz Hermann Magill), a cavalry squadron was formed in October 1939 in Zamość from volunteers of local Volksdeutsches, from November 1939 it was stationed in a barrack at Odrodzenia Street, then in a former agricultural school in Janowice, on behalf of the security service, he was involved in the shooting of the population, the SS Totenkopf (corpse's head) units were police units, they were subordinate to the order police.
Formed in December 1939, the 1st SS Totenkopf Cavalry Division consisted of a headquarters, 11 line squadrons and 2 batteries of horse artillery, commanded by SS Colonel [Standartenführer] Herman Fegelein. From the end of November 1939, the 4th Squadron of the SS Cavalry Unit Totenkopf [4 Steffel der SS Totenkopf Reiter Standarte], commanded by SS Major [Sturmbannführer] Josif Fritz, who was transferred to Warsaw on March 20, 1940, was stationed in the agricultural school in Janowice.
At the end of 1939, the unit had 46 officers, 91 non-commissioned officers, 450 privates, and 455 horses.
On its basis, on 1 June 1940, two cavalry regiments were formed: the 1st SS Cavalry Regiment [SS Reiter Regiment 1] under the command of SS Colonel [Standanterführer] Herman Fegelein (stationed in Warsaw); 2nd SS Cavalry Regiment [SS Reiter Regiment 2], SS Major Commander [Sturmbannführer] Franz Magilla (stationed in Lublin). Each regiment consists of 5 line squadrons and a battery of horse artillery. From 1 June 1940, the 1st Squadron of the 2nd SS Cavalry Regiment Totenkopf was stationed in Zamość.
After the reorganization from 6 December 1940, the two regiments were again merged into one: the 1st SS Reiter Regiment Totenkopf, under the command of Fegelein. It was divided into two units, the 1st unit and the regiment's headquarters were located in Warsaw, the 2nd unit in Lublin, commanded by Magill. The commander of the 3rd SS Squadron, Hauptsturmführer Herbert Schofeldt, and the 5th Squadron were stationed in Zamość.
On February 25, 1941, both units were transformed into independent cavalry regiments, the 1st Squadron of the 1st Cavalry Regiment was stationed in an agricultural school in Zamość, commander Josif Fritz (after the regiment was transferred, he remained in Zamość), from March 1941 the commander of the 1st Squadron was Magilla at the same time the commander of the 1st Regiment. After the attack on the USSR, both regiments were transferred to the east on July 2, 1941, where they dealt with the pacification of the front hinterland.
The S.S. Reit und Fahrschule [Driving School and Driving Lessons for the SS], established on 15 June 1942, was located in a rebuilt former agricultural school in Janowice, and was involved in the training of personnel for the Waffen SS cavalry (there was also a course for non-commissioned officers). Commandant of the SS school Sturmbannführer Josef Fritz, from July 1943 SS Sturmbannführer Walter Dunsch (at the same time a driving instructor). The trainees dealt with the extermination of the population at the request of the security service and protected the camp in the Rotunda, in February-March 1944 the trainees were formed into a combat group to fight the 1st UDP in the Zamość region. In June 1944, the school was moved to Milowice in the Czech Republic.
Polizeireiterzug1 [1 police cavalry platoon], in March 1940 a cavalry unit was formed from the protective police officers in Zamość, from 31 October 1940 there was 1 police cavalry platoon, it consisted of two cavalry units: Lublin (1/38, commander and 38 men) and Zamość (1/37), from 5 November 1940 transformed into independent platoons: Polizeireiterzug Lublin [police cavalry platoon Lublin] and Polizeireiterzug Zamosc [police cavalry platoon Zamość], the platoon commander in Zamość was Oberleutnt Bruno Meiers, commander of the protective police, the platoons were subordinated to the police battalions 10 and 306 stationed in Zamość and Lublin.
Reiterstaffel des Polizei Regiment Lublin [cavalry squadron of the Lublin police regiment], called the Lublin Police Cavalry Squadron, formed in April 1940 consisted of three platoons, which in November 1940 were transferred to the squadrons of drivers of the police battalions of the Lublin regiment, from 6 July 1942 the squadron was supervised by Captain Werner Wehrheim, in May 1943 the squadron was incorporated into the Lublin Police Squadron.
Polizei Reiterschwadron Lublin [Police Cavalry Squadron Lublin], was formed on 5 May 1943 from police cavalry platoons Lublin, Zamość and Radom (formerly Kielce), after being accepted into the SS, SS Polizei Reiterschwadron Lublin, from the beginning subordinated to the Lublin Police Regiment, on 28 August 1943 all platoons were brought to Lublin, because the squadron became an operational reserve of the Commander of the Police of the Lublin District, squadron commander Capt. Werner Wehrheim, then Oberleutnant Hans Clausen (killed on 8 March 1944), from March 1944 Capt. Lodel, platoon commanders (initially): 1 Oberleutnant Sieber, 2 Oberleutnant Liebkof, 3rd Oberleutnant Hans Clausen, the squadron took part in the Harvest Festival (Aktion Erntefest).
Polizei Reiterregiment Abteilung III [3rd Squadron of the Police Cavalry Regiment], formed in Poznań, sent in May 1942 to the General Government, had three squadrons, commander Major Alfred Eggierth, initially at the disposal of the commander of the 25th Police Regiment in Lublin was handed over the 2nd squadron of the regiment commanded by Captain Erich Wullbrand, which was sent to Zamość, the squadron was divided into platoons that were stationed in Józefów, Krasnystaw and Tomaszów. Then the entire squadron was sent to Zamość, divided into platoons on the spot.
Platoon deployment, as of August 28, 1942:
Zamość squadron headquarters, 1st squadron (three platoons) and transport unit; other platoons from the 2nd Squadron in Józefów, Krasnobrod, Tomaszów; from the 3rd Squadron in Adamów, Tyszowce and Lubliniec. From 11 September 1942, the squadron was deployed in the IV protection area along the Bug River: 1st Squadron with the squadron headquarters in Chełm, 2nd Squadron in Biała Podlaska, 3rd Squadron in Hrubieszów. SS Polizei Reiterregiment Abteilung III in Cholm, on 24 February 1943 the squadron was incorporated into the Waffen SS and became a combat unit consisting of three squadrons of three platoons each, stationed in Chełm.
Stationed since September 1943:
• Chełm — Squadron headquarters, commanded by Major Eggerth (from March 1944 Capt. Erich Wullbrand) and 1st Squadron commanded by Capt. Wullbrand (from March 1944 Capt. Karl Schnittert).
• Różanka — 2nd Squadron Capt. Friedrich Weiss.
• Uchanie — 3rd Squadron Commander Capt. Otto Rother.
Established Guard Posts:
• 1st Squadron Horodło, Chełm, Samogitia, Strzyżów.
• 2nd Squadron Różanka, Sosnowice, Kapłonosy, Natalin, Siedliszcze, Sobibór estate
• 3rd Squadron (Uchanie, Dołhobyczów, Hrubieszów, Cichobórz).
He took part in the Harvest Festival. In order to protect the German settlement area in the vicinity of Zamość, on 28 February 1944 the command of the 1st Squadron with one platoon was placed in Izbica, the remaining platoons in Zamość and Żółkiewka.
Guard posts, as of February 1, 1944: Headquarters and 1st squadron in Chełm; fortified points of Wieniawka and Strzyżów, 2nd Squadron in Różanka; fortified points Starosiele, Zagórnik, 3rd Squadron in Hrubieszów; fortified points of Sokal, Matcze. Ersatzabteilung [reserve unit], on 14 May 1943 Reitererzatz Schwadron [reserve squadron of the 3rd Squadron] arrived in Lublin from Poznań, on 13 March 1944 the 1st Squadron of the 3rd Squadron was sent to Lublin to strengthen the reserve unit.
Gendarmerie Units in Zamość
Organization of the gendarmerie in the Lublin district on November 16, 1939:
• Commander Herbert Genz.
• Hauptmannschaftführer in Lublin [commander-in-chief in Lublin] Capt. Homburg.
• Hauptmannschaftführer in Zamosc [commander-in-chief in Zamość] Capt. Scholtz.
• Hauptmannschaftführer General-Inspektion [Commander-in-Chief of the Chief Inspectorate] Vacant.
The gendarmerie was part of the order police [Orpo], it was located in rural areas and in small towns, it could be disposed of by the starost. At the end of February 1940, in the Lublin district, gendarmerie platoons were stationed in Bełżec, Hrubieszów, Biłgoraj, Tomaszów and Krasnystaw.
At the beginning of 1940, police reserves were mobilized in Marburg, and in November they were sent to Zamość, where they were distributed to subordinate gendarmerie stations by the commander of the main gendarmerie unit in Zamość, the commander of the riot police, Captain Willy Voigt, and the commander of the protective police, Oberleutnant Winkler. They served in Zamość from November 1940 to October 1942.
Organization of the gendarmerie as of July 13, 1940
• Hauptmanschaft Zamosc [2nd Main Branch in Zamość], included the districts of Zamość, Hrubieszów, Biłgoraj and Krasnostaw, the units coincided with the sections of security, they were divided into areas of operation of platoons within the boundaries of the district, the commander of the unit Captain Scholtz.
• Platoon in Zamość, commander Lieutenant Dulla, deputy Oberwachmaister Thiart.
• Outpost in Zamość, commander Oberwachmeister Thiart.
• Outpost in Tomaszów, commander Oberwachmaister Plumbau.
• Outpost in Tyszowce, commander Oberwachmaister Weise.
• The post in Zwierzyniec, existed for a short time, moved to Szczebrzeszyn on 16 June 1940, commanded by Oberwachmaister Karl Forster.
• Platoon in Krasnystaw, commander Lieutenant Hofer, deputy oberwachmaister Schultz.
• Station in Krasnystaw, commander Oberwachmeister Schulz.
• Station in Żółkiewka, commander Oberwachmeister Konrad Meier.
• Platoon in Hrubieszów, commander Lieutenant Weismann, deputy Oberwachmeister Schwarz.
• Outpost in Hrubieszów, commander Oberwachmeister Schwarz.
• Outpost in Waręż, commander of the Oberwachmeister Fug.
• Station in Teratyn, commander Oberwachmeister Siemen.
• Platoon in Biłgoraj, commander Lieutenant Faltermeier, deputy Oberwachmeister Meier.
• Post in Biłgoraj, commander of Oberwachmeister Meier.
• Outpost in Tarnogród, commander of Oberwachmeister Venus.
• Outpost in Szczebrzeszyn, commander Oberwachmeister Karl Forster.
Organization January 1943-January 1944
• 2 Hauptmanschaft Zamosc, commanded by Captain Busse, left for Lublin in mid-October 1942; then Captain Paar, at the same time the commander of the Zamość platoon.
• Zamość Platoon, commander Capt. Paar; from September 1943 Oberleutnof Fritz Rudolph Ranitzsch was also the commander of the post in Zamość.
• Zamość Outpost, commanded by Lieutenant Frymer; from September 1943 Oberleutnant Ranitzsch (District Commander).
• Tomaszów Station, commanded by Lieutenant Friedrich Gerkenmeier (district commander), from December 1942 to March 1944 by Lieutenant Michael Eich.
• Tyszowce Outpost, Lieutenant Commander Erwin Beier (District Commander), then Oberwachmeister Christian Wild.
• Szczebrzeszyn Police Station, from August 1943 subordinated to the gendarmerie platoon in Zamość, commander of Oberwachmeister Forster.
• Krasnystaw Platoon, commanded by Lieutenant Wilhelm Kruse, at the same time commander of the post in Żółkiewka; in July 1944, Lieutenant Bruno Mahlke.
• Krasnystaw Outpost, commander Oberwachmeister Konrad Meier (until 15 October 1943).
• Żółkiewka Outpost, commander Oberwachmeister Konrad Meier (until February 1942); in June 1943, Lieutenant Wilhelm Kruse (District Commander).
• Platoon in Hrubieszów, commander Lieutenant Josef Peter, at the same time commander of the outpost in Waręż; from November 1943 Oberleutent Karl Ebeling, then Lieutenant Hening von Winterfeld.
• Waręż Outpost, commanded by Lieutenant Josef Peter (District Commander), from November 1943 Oberwachmeister Johann Zrenner.
• Teratyn Outpost, commander Wachmeister Fredrich Fuchs.
• Platoon Biłgoraj, commanded by Lieutenant Wilhelm Brunner, was killed on 23 September 1943; from September 1943, Lieutenant Michael Gerhard, at the same time commander of the post in Tarnogród; from 1 May 1944 Lieutenant Willi Bornemann.
• Biłgoraj Outpost, commander until 15 October 1943 Oberwachmeister Konrad Meier; then Lieutenant Alois Faltermaier.
• Tarnogród Outpost, Commander Lieutenant Michael Gerhard (District Commander); from 15 October 1943 Lieutenant Konrad Meier (transferred to Kraśnik on 1 March 1944), from March 1944 Lieutenant Karl Hohne (transferred from Szczebrzeszyn).
• Szczebrzeszyn Police Station, commander Oberwachmeister Karl Forster (after being wounded on 4 September 1942 he died on 9 September in the hospital in Zamość Castle); from 9 September 1942 wachmeister of Willi Prahl, 20 November 1943 wachmeister Reinholdt Dietz, (post from August 1943 in the Zamość platoon).
• Zwierzyniec Station, in August 1943 a new post was created subordinate to the Biłgoraj platoon, commanded by Lieutenant Johann Dummert, from the beginning of 1944 by Lieutenant Johann Schneider.
Organization at the beginning of 1944
Gendermerie Kreishauptmannschaffen Zamosc [2nd District Main Branch of the Gendarmerie in Zamość], the district includes the districts of Zamojski, Biłgoraj, Hrubieszów and Krasnostawski (in each county a platoon of gendarmerie), Commander: Capt. Gerhard Wagner; then in 1944 Captain Helmut Weihenmaier.
II Zugbezirke Zamość [II District Platoon], commanded by Oberleutnant Fritz Rudolph Ranitzsch, Safety areas, Zamość Gendarmerie District Commander Lieutenant Becker, from April 1944 Lieutenant Fritz Rudolph, Subordinate posts:
Zamość, commander of Lieutenant Nitsche; intelligence officer from 20 November 1943 Oberwachmaister Alfred Kleber;
Potoczek;
Krasnobród commander wachmeister Venzel Michalski;
Lipsko, commander: Wachmeister Josef Fall (killed on May 25, 1944), subsequently Wachmeister Alfons Himmel;
Mokre (the post was located in the buildings of the commune office), commander meister Josef Holl;
Sulow;
Stary Zamość commander oberwachmeister Max Friehel;
Skierbieszów, commander wachmeister Gehrung (killed in Zawada on 8 February 1844);
Szczebrzeszyn commander Lieutenant Karl Hohne; from April 1944 Lieutenant Karl Obert;
Ruskie Piaski was located in the palace (in May 1944 it was destroyed).
Tomaszów Gendarmerie District Commander Lieutenant Friedrich Gerkenmeier, Subordinate posts:
Tomaszów (the commander was the commander of the region);
2. Tarnawatka (commander Meister Georg Mailander).
Tyszowce Gendarmerie District Commander Lieutenant Erwin Beier, Subordinate posts:
Tyszowce (the commander was the commander of the district);
Komarów (commander Lieutenant Otto Kaiser);
Kotlice;
Sitno
At the beginning of 1944, the points of support of the gendarmerie in the Zamość district: On January 24, 1944, Suchowola was captured by the partisans and the village guard post was destroyed, so a new point of support for the gendarmerie was created in the village, reinforced by Landwacha from the surrounding villages.
Gendermerie Bataillon (mot.) 1
The 1st Motorized Gendarmerie Battalion arrived from Warsaw to Lublin on 28 July 1942, the battalion headquarters and the 1st company were stationed in Lublin, the 2nd company in Lubartów, the 3rd company from 4 August 1942 in Zamość, protection posts set up by the 3rd Company:
Zamość 1st platoon commander Lieutenant Franz Rohrer and command of 3rd company.
Janów Lubelski 2nd platoon Lieutenant Walter Hofmann (from 7 June 1943 Oberleutent Rudolf Neubauer).
Tomaszów Lubelski 3rd platoon Lt. Edwin Hensler.
Since January 29, 1943, the entire battalion has been stationed in the Zamość district, the Zamość gendarmerie platoon has received an order to cooperate closely with the 1st motorized gendarmerie battalion.
Skierbieszów, command of the 1st company (commander: Capt. Ernst Wriggers) with the 1st platoon, commanded by Lieutenant Albert Schuster; From 21 March 1943 the 1st Platoon was sent to train the Village Guard in the area of Łabuń, from 1 April 1943 the whole 1st Company was stationed in Skierbieszów.
Ruskie Piaski, 2nd Platoon of the 1st Company, Commander Lieutenant Hausdorf (from 4 June 1943 Lieutenant Bernhard Ebert).
Komarów 3rd Platoon of the 1st Company Commander Lieutenant Gustaw Eichler.
Zamość: 3rd Company commanded by Captain Walter Bartling (from 7 June 1943 Oberleutnant Wolfgang Osterried) and the command of the 1st Battalion commanded by Major Kurt Wuttka (from 4 May 1943 Lieutenant Colonel Johannes Rogalski), a platoon of motorcyclists commanded by Captain Kurt Meyer (at the same time a transport officer of the battalion), from 7 June 1943 by Lieutenant Heinrich Eisele.
Janów Lubelski 2nd Company Commander Captain Kurt Rogall (wounded on 29 February 1944 after an armoured car hit a mine), at the end of October 1942 some gendarmes were assigned from the 2nd Company to reinforce the Polish Police stations in the Kraśnik district.
Gendarmerie platoons were obliged to send Streifenkommandos [patrol units] from their places of stopping to the area, which conducted reconnaissance and collected information. From May 24, 1943, the command of the 1st Motorized Gendarmerie Battalion was located in Lubartów, the 2nd Company in Opole Lub. and the 3rd Company in Parczew, on 4 June 1943 the 1st Company from Skierbieszów went to Lubartów. On 6 July 1943 in Fraustadt (now Wschowa) the 4th Support Company (heavy) was formed for the 1st Battalion, consisting of three platoons: machine guns, mortars and armored cars, the company commander Captain Martin Frode (killed on 27 February 1944), from March 1944 Captain Albert Klingebiel. The battalion took part in the Harvest Festival, in February-March 1944 it fought in the Zamość region of the 1st UDP, from June 1944 in Operation Sturmwind I and II, after which it was stationed in Zamość, at that time the battalion commander Major Wilhelm Dorge, on July 15, 1944 was transferred to Kraśnik.
Gendarmerie Zug (mot.) 64 [64th motorized gendarmerie platoon], on April 5, 1943 it was transferred to the Lublin district, the commander of Lieutenant Moitzi, he had armoured cars in his equipment, therefore he was temporarily subordinated to the 1st gendarmerie battalion, because the battalion did not have them in its equipment, since 27 April 1943 the platoon has been stationed in Piaski.
Gendarmerie Zug (mot.) 70 [70th motorized gendarmerie platoon], commander of Lieutenant Koch, stationed in Piaski, from February 1944 he was transferred to Krasnystaw, where he was responsible for the protection of the Krasnystaw-Zamość road, the platoon included armoured cars.
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